Distribution, Cellular Localization, and Ontogeny of Preprothyrotropin-Releasing Hormone-(160–169) (Ps4)-Binding Sites in the Rat Pituitary<sup>1</sup>

Valentijn, Karine M.; Vandenbulcke, Franck; Piek, Ester; Beauvillain, Jean-Claudé; Vaudry, Hubert

doi:10.1210/endo.139.3.5776

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

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Neuroregulation of proTRH biosynthesis and processing

Nillni

1999

Endocr

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This review presents an overview of the current knowledge on proTRH biosynthesis, its processing, its tissue distribution, and the role of known processing enzymes in proTRH maturation. The neuroendocrine regulation of TRH biosynthesis, the biological actions of its products, and the signal transduction and catabolic pathways used by those products are also reviewed. The widespread expression of proTRH, PC1, and PC2 rnRNAs in hypophysiotropic and extrahypophysiotropic areas of the brain, with their overlapping distribution in many areas, indicates the striking versatility provided by tissue-specific processing in generating quantitative and qualitative differences in nonTRH peptide products as well as TRH. Evidence is presented suggesting that differential processing for proTRH at the intracellular level is physiologically relevant. It is clear that control over the diverse range of proTRH-derived peptides within a specific cell is accomplished most from the regulation at the posttranslational level rather than the translational or transcriptional levels. Several examples supporting this hypothesis are presented in this review. A better understanding of proTRH-derived peptides role represents an exciting new frontier in proTRH research. These connecting sequences in between TRH molecules to form the precursor protein may function as structural or targeting elements that guide the folding and sorting of proTRH and its larger intermediates so that subsequent processing and secretion are properly regulated. The particular anatomical distribution of the proTRH end products, as well as regulation of their levels by neuroendocrine or pharmacological manipulations, supports a unique potential biologic role for these peptides.

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Neuroregulation of proTRH biosynthesis and processing

Nillni

1999

Endocr

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Thyroid Hormones in Neural Tissue

Lechan

Toni

2002

Hormones, Brain and Behavior

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Is Ps4 (prepro-TRH [160-169]) More Than an Enhancer for Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone?

Ae¹

1998

Thyroid

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Ps4 (thyrotropin-releasing hormone [TRH]-enhancing peptide), one of the cryptic peptides resulting from the proteolytic processing of prepro-TRH to produce TRH, has a growing list of functions in addition to its well-established ability to enhance the TRH-induced release of thyrotropin (TSH) and prolactin from the pituitary. Intramedullary coadministration of Ps4 and TRH increased gastric acid secretion above the level produced by TRH alone and intracisternal infusion of Ps4 resulted in a substantial reduction in the levels of prepro-TRH-derived peptide levels in the rat pituitary, including Ps4. High-affinity receptors for Ps4 are widely distributed. In addition to the very high Ps4 binding capacity of the folliculo-stellate cells of the anterior pituitary, abundant Ps4 receptors are found in the urinary bladder, vas deferens, central nervous system, reproductive tissues, and pancreas. Targeted prepro-TRH gene disruption results in hyperglycemia as well as the expected hypothyroidism. The observed disregulation of thyroid and glucose homeostasis in the TRH "knockout" mouse clearly demonstrates that prepro-TRH-derived peptides and their cognate receptors within the pituitary, pancreas, and other neural and endocrine systems are of fundamental importance to a variety of physiological systems and merit structural and functional characterization.

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Distribution, Cellular Localization, and Ontogeny of Preprothyrotropin-Releasing Hormone-(160–169) (Ps4)-Binding Sites in the Rat Pituitary¹

Abstract: The rat TRH precursor contains five copies of TRH separated by connecting peptides. Previous studies have shown that the decapeptide prepro-TRH (160)(161)(162)(163)(164)(165)(166)(167)(168)(169) Ps4) 1306 -1313, 1998)

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Neuroregulation of proTRH biosynthesis and processing

Neuroregulation of proTRH biosynthesis and processing

Thyroid Hormones in Neural Tissue

Is Ps4 (prepro-TRH [160-169]) More Than an Enhancer for Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone?

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Distribution, Cellular Localization, and Ontogeny of Preprothyrotropin-Releasing Hormone-(160–169) (Ps4)-Binding Sites in the Rat Pituitary1

Abstract: The rat TRH precursor contains five copies of TRH separated by connecting peptides. Previous studies have shown that the decapeptide prepro-TRH (160)(161)(162)(163)(164)(165)(166)(167)(168)(169) Ps4) 1306 -1313, 1998)

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Neuroregulation of proTRH biosynthesis and processing

Neuroregulation of proTRH biosynthesis and processing

Thyroid Hormones in Neural Tissue

Is Ps4 (prepro-TRH [160-169]) More Than an Enhancer for Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone?

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Product

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Distribution, Cellular Localization, and Ontogeny of Preprothyrotropin-Releasing Hormone-(160–169) (Ps4)-Binding Sites in the Rat Pituitary¹