Distribution characteristics of 14C and 3H in spent resins from the Canada deuterium uranium-pressurized heavy water reactors (CANDU-PHWRs) of Korea

14C content in candu spent ion exchange resins and its release under alkaline conditions

“…Even though these results were not obtained on a representative SIER sample for the spent resins that will be disposed of (either in a surface disposal facility or in a geological one), data obtained are similar to those reported by Park et. al.…”

“…Based on available data for CANDU reactors from Canada, the specific activity of 14 C in the SIERs originating from the MOD is ranging between 0.05 and 213 Ci/m 3 , with an average value of 71 Ci/m 3 , while in the SIERs from PHTS the 14 C specific activity is between 0.24 and 6.7 Ci/m 3 , with an average of 3.34 Ci/m 3 (Miller et al 1997). Results obtained by Park et al (2008) on SIERs from CANDU reactors from Korea, and by Moir et al (1994) on two moderator SIERs from the CANDU reactor Bruce A in Canada, show that more than 92% of the 14 C activity in SIERs is retained in anionic resins under inorganic form (Park et al 2008). A minor fraction of 14 C containing species has been measured in the cation exchange resins, after their separation from a mixed bed (Moir et al 1994; Park et al 2008), probably under the form of metal carbonate (Moir et al 1994).…”

“…Results obtained by Park et al (2008) on SIERs from CANDU reactors from Korea, and by Moir et al (1994) on two moderator SIERs from the CANDU reactor Bruce A in Canada, show that more than 92% of the 14 C activity in SIERs is retained in anionic resins under inorganic form (Park et al 2008). A minor fraction of 14 C containing species has been measured in the cation exchange resins, after their separation from a mixed bed (Moir et al 1994; Park et al 2008), probably under the form of metal carbonate (Moir et al 1994).…”

Radiological impact assessment for workers on treatment of radioactive spent resin from heavy water reactors

“…1. Introduction 14 C is generated by the reaction of neutrons with existing nitrogen 14 N(n, p) 14 C, oxygen 17 O(n, α) 14 C, and carbon 13 C(n, γ) 14 C, [1][2][3][4][5][6] in reactors that use heavy water as a coolant. 14 C is more generated in heavy water reactor than pressurised water reactor because the concentration of 17 O and thermal neutron flux is higher.…”

“…Introduction 14 C is generated by the reaction of neutrons with existing nitrogen 14 N(n, p) 14 C, oxygen 17 O(n, α) 14 C, and carbon 13 C(n, γ) 14 C, [1][2][3][4][5][6] in reactors that use heavy water as a coolant. 14 C is more generated in heavy water reactor than pressurised water reactor because the concentration of 17 O and thermal neutron flux is higher. The 14 C nuclide contained in the spent resin is a long-lived nuclide with a half-life of 5 730 years with biological effects via a carbon metabolism reaction from internal exposure by respiration and ingestion [7][8][9].…”