Distribution, Fine Structure and Function of (1,3;1,4)-β-Glucans in the Grasses and Other Taxa

Harris, Philip J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-373971-1.00021-2

Cited by 29 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…The best known stage specific polysaccharide of the cell wall is a mixed linkage glucan, a tethering gly can of monocotyledonous plants [3,7]. This is a linear glucose polymer with the areas where monomers are connected by β (1 4) bond alternate with the resi dues linked with β (1 3) bond.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and structure of mixed linkage glucan at different stages of elongation of maize root cells

Kozlova

Snegireva

Горшкова

2012

Russ J Plant Physiol

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Distribution and structure of mixed linkage glucan in the cell walls at different stages of elongation were investigated in the roots of 4 day old seedlings of maize (Zea mays L.). Mixed linkage glucan was immu nocytochemically detected already in the meristem, predominantly in the periclinal cell walls. The antibody binding by the cell walls increased in the zone of cell elongation initiation, was high during the whole process, and did not decrease in the cells whose elongation was over. The content of polysaccharide determined bio chemically also rose from meristematic zone to the zone where elongation was over, amounting to 8% of dry weight and remained on the same level after the completion of cell elongation. At different stages of elonga tion growth, the structure of polysaccharide was not the same. In the beginning of elongation, molar ratio between trimer and tetramer (DP3/DP4) among the products of polysaccharide hydrolysis by lichenase was 3.56 ± 0.04, and after its termination it became 3.04 ± 0.09. According to literature data, such changes tell on the physical properties of polysaccharide, which along with a drastic activation of its deposition associated with the initiation of elongation make it possible to attribute the mixed linkage glucan to the factors directly affecting cell wall extensibility and therefore elongation growth.Abbreviations: DP3/DP4-molar ratio between β D glucosyl (1 3) cellobiose trimer and β D glucosyl (1 3) cellotri ose tetramer released under the influence of lichenase.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and structure of mixed linkage glucan at different stages of elongation of maize root cells

Kozlova

Snegireva

Горшкова

2012

Russ J Plant Physiol

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“…2,4 Thus, (1,3;1,4)-β-glucans are widely distributed in primary walls of the Poaceae but much less so in other angiosperms, lower plants and fungi. [8][9][10] Primary cell wall compositions in vegetative organs of the grasses are exemplified in 4 day-old barley coleoptiles, which consist of about 35% cellulose, 30% heteroxylan, 10%…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetics, Transcriptional Profiles, and Catalytic Properties of the UDP-Arabinose Mutase Family from Barley

et al. 2016

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Four members of the UDP-Ara mutase (UAM) gene family from barley have been isolated and characterized, and their map positions on chromosomes 2H, 3H, and 4H have been defined. When the genes are expressed in Escherichia coli, the corresponding HvUAM1, HvUAM2, and HvUAM3 proteins exhibit UAM activity, and the kinetic properties of the enzymes have been determined, including Km, Kcat, and catalytic efficiencies. However, the expressed HvUAM4 protein shows no mutase activity against UDP-Ara or against a broad range of other nucleotide sugars and related molecules. The enzymic data indicate therefore that the HvUAM4 protein may not be a mutase. However, the HvUAM4 gene is transcribed at high levels in all the barley tissues examined, and its transcript abundance is correlated with transcript levels for other genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis. The UDP-l-Arap → UDP-l-Araf reaction, which is essential for the generation of the UDP-Araf substrate for arabinoxylan, arabinogalactan protein, and pectic polysaccharide biosynthesis, is thermodynamically unfavorable and has an equilibrium constant of 0.02. Nevertheless, the incorporation of Araf residues into nascent polysaccharides clearly occurs at biologically appropriate rates. The characterization of the HvUAM genes opens the way for the manipulation of both the amounts and fine structures of heteroxylans in cereals, grasses, and other crop plants, with a view toward enhancing their value in human health and nutrition, and in renewable biofuel production.

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“…Structurally, MLG is an unbranched, unsubstituted homopolymer of Glc consisting of cellobiosyl and cellotriosyl residues (G4G4G Red and G4G4G4G Red , respectively, where " Red " denotes the reducing end) connected by (1,3)-β-linkages with some longer runs of (1,4)-β-linkages (Woodward et al, 1983). In addition to its widespread occurrence in cereals and other grasses (Fincher, 2016), MLG has been detected in organisms representing widely divergent taxa (Harris and Fincher, 2009;Popper et al, 2011) ranging from red, green, and brown algae to leptosporangiate ferns and horsetails, fungi (basidiomycete and ascomycete species, including lichens), and Gram-negative bacteria (Gorin et al, 1988;Fontaine et al, 2000;Lechat et al, 2000;Honegger and Haisch, 2001;Olafsdottir and Ingólfsdottir, 2001;Pacheco-Sanchez et al, 2006;Eder et al, 2008;Fry et al, 2008;Sørensen et al, 2008Sørensen et al, , 2011Pettolino et al, 2009;Leroux et al, 2015;Pérez-Mendoza et al, 2015;Salmeán et al, 2017). However, it has not been detected in eudicots (Burton and Fincher, 2009).…”

Section: Functional Characterization Of a Glycosyltransferase From Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Characterization of a Glycosyltransferase from the Moss Physcomitrella patens Involved in the Biosynthesis of a Novel Cell Wall Arabinoglucan

et al. 2018

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Mixed-linkage (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan (MLG), an abundant cell wall polysaccharide in the Poaceae, has been detected in ascomycetes, algae, and seedless vascular plants, but not in eudicots. Although MLG has not been reported in bryophytes, a predicted glycosyltransferase from the moss (Pp3c12_24670) is similar to a bona fide ascomycete MLG synthase. We tested whether encodes an MLG synthase by expressing it in wild tobacco () and testing for release of diagnostic oligosaccharides from the cell walls by either lichenase or (1,4)-β-glucan endohydrolase. Lichenase, an MLG-specific endohydrolase, showed no activity against cell walls from transformed , but (1,4)-β-glucan endohydrolase released oligosaccharides that were distinct from oligosaccharides released from MLG by this enzyme. Further analysis revealed that these oligosaccharides were derived from a novel unbranched, unsubstituted arabinoglucan (AGlc) polysaccharide. We identified sequences similar to the AGlc synthase from algae, bryophytes, lycophytes, and monilophytes, raising the possibility that other early divergent plants synthesize AGlc. Similarity of AGlc synthase to MLG synthases from ascomycetes, but not those from Poaceae, suggests that AGlc and MLG have a common evolutionary history that includes loss in seed plants, followed by a more recent independent origin of MLG within the monocots.

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Distribution, Fine Structure and Function of (1,3;1,4)-β-Glucans in the Grasses and Other Taxa

Cited by 29 publications

References 108 publications

Distribution and structure of mixed linkage glucan at different stages of elongation of maize root cells

Distribution and structure of mixed linkage glucan at different stages of elongation of maize root cells

Genetics, Transcriptional Profiles, and Catalytic Properties of the UDP-Arabinose Mutase Family from Barley

Functional Characterization of a Glycosyltransferase from the Moss Physcomitrella patens Involved in the Biosynthesis of a Novel Cell Wall Arabinoglucan

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