Distribution of a brominated acrylate flame retardant in polypropylene

Dvir, Haim; Goldraich, Marganit; Gottlieb, Moshe; Daren, S.; Cuesta, José‐Marie Lopez

doi:10.1016/s0141-3910(01)00169-0

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It may also react with functional groups on the surface of fillers and thus play the role of an adhesion promoter. Based on macroscopic mechanical tests and morphological studies of PP composites containing PBBMA, we have argued in our previous articles that PBBMA may serve as an adhesion promoter for PP composites and we have postulated that PBBMA is a better adhesion promoter than PP‐g‐ma 6–9. In this study, we substantiate that claim by using contact mode Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) adhesion strength measurements.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…One must also consider the possibility that a small fraction of PBBMA molecules may graft onto the surface treated glass during thermal polymerization, further increasing adhesion strength. The relatively poor adhesion of the PBBMA to bare glass is due to the lower tendency of PBBMA for radical polymerization in close proximity to glass surfaces 7…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Reactive Flame Retardant as a Poly(propylene)‐Sized Glass Adhesion Promoter

Dvir

Gottlieb

2006

Macro Materials & Eng

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Summary: Contact‐mode AFM adhesion strength measurements were employed in order to investigate the capability of PBBMA FR as an adhesion promoter in PP composites. The reactive FR exhibited superior coupling properties in comparison to conventional coupling agents such as PP‐g‐ma introduced in reinforced PP composites.AFM image showing the recess carved out by the AFM tip in a PBBMA layer deposited on glass treated with APS.magnified imageAFM image showing the recess carved out by the AFM tip in a PBBMA layer deposited on glass treated with APS.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reactive Flame Retardant as a Poly(propylene)‐Sized Glass Adhesion Promoter

Dvir

Gottlieb

2006

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…Figure 2 depicts three interferograms: the first two represent samples containing mostly the polymer and FR (samples 1 and 2) and the third one is typical of a complete composite formulation (sample 4). The presence or absence of the double bond distinguishes between the otherwise chemically identical units of PBBA and PPBBA 12. For quantitative conversion calculations, two peaks were chosen in the intereferograms: one, which remains unchanged in both species, and the other, which is characteristic of the double bond.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rest of the samples contain varying amounts of all of the components, which form a typical PP composite formulation. Approximately 25 additional samples with varying compositions (given elsewhere14) were prepared, and used in the FTIR and thermal analysis experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our previous article, we developed a technique for qualitative determination of the spatial distribution of the FR in the matrix. The technique allowed the visualization of the FR in PP composites and the identification of the monomeric and polymeric forms of this FR by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with energy‐dispersive spectrometry (EDS) 12. In this article, we quantify the extent of FR polymerization and grafting onto the PP chains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal polymerization of a brominated flame retardant in a glass‐fiber‐reinforced polypropylene—quantitative analysis

Dvir

Gottlieb

Daren

2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Pentabromobenzylacrylate (PBBA) is a possible candidate for use as a fire retardant (FR) in polypropylene (PP) composites. While PBBA imparts FR properties to the PP composite, it also affects adversely its mechanical properties. The FR may undergo thermal polymerization or grafting to the PP chains during processing. To study the effect of the different forms of FR (monomer, polymerized, or grafted) on composite properties, we have quantified the extent of FR polymerization and extent of grafting onto the PP chains. Fourier transform infrared microscopy was used in this work to determine the extent of polymerization and the spatial distribution of the FR. The latter was found to be homogeneous throughout the composite. Thermal polymerization of the FR during extrusion is varied mainly by the addition of an antioxidant. The grafting process of the FR onto PP depends on the degree of thermal polymerization, and therefore on the addition of antioxidant. The limiting value for grafting achieved at full polymerization is ϳ10% w/w. The grafted FR was found to have a significant effect on PP crystallinity, and hence it is expected to affect the mechanical properties as well. Bromine analysis indicates the FR has reacted with filler surfaces as well.

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Emulsion polymerization of pentabromobenzyl acrylate: effect of reaction parameters on the produced flame‐retardant nanoparticles

Goldshtein

Lublin-Tennenbaum

Margel

2011

Polymer International

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Flame‐retardant nanoparticles of sizes ranging between 33 ± 6 and 460 ± 50 nm were formed by the emulsion polymerization of the pentabromobenzyl acrylate (PBBA) monomer in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate as the surfactant and potassium persulfate as the initiator. The effect of various polymerization parameters, e.g. monomer, crosslinker monomer, initiator and surfactant concentrations, on the size, size distribution and polymerization yield of the poly(pentabromobenzyl acrylate) nanoparticles produced has been elucidated. Poly(pentabromobenzyl acrylate)/polystyrene (PPBBA/PS) nanoblends containing 15% and 70% of PPBBA particles of 33 ± 6 and 460 ± 50 nm diameter were prepared by mixing the particles with a PS solution in methylene chloride, followed by evaporation of the methylene chloride from the mixture. The effect of the size and the content of the PPBBA nanoparticles in the nanoblends on the thermal stability of the PS were also elucidated. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry

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Distribution of a brominated acrylate flame retardant in polypropylene

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

A Reactive Flame Retardant as a Poly(propylene)‐Sized Glass Adhesion Promoter

A Reactive Flame Retardant as a Poly(propylene)‐Sized Glass Adhesion Promoter

Thermal polymerization of a brominated flame retardant in a glass‐fiber‐reinforced polypropylene—quantitative analysis

Emulsion polymerization of pentabromobenzyl acrylate: effect of reaction parameters on the produced flame‐retardant nanoparticles

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