Distribution of ABO-Rh Blood Group System Among the Students at Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur, Pakistan

Abstract

Background: The distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups significantly varies across different populations and is crucial for effective blood bank management and transfusion services. Previous studies have shown diverse patterns in blood group distribution globally, influenced by regional, ethnic, and demographic factors. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among the student population at Shah Abdul Latif University (SALU), Sindh, Pakistan, and to understand its implications for local healthcare services. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 253 students (133 males and 120 females) aged 18 to 24 years. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. The study employed a sterile lancet for blood sample collection via a finger prick. Blood group phenotyping was done using the slide method with monoclonal antiserum A, B, and D. Agglutination results were recorded to determine the ABO blood group and Rh factor. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results: The study found that 21.7% of students belonged to blood group A (49.1% Rh positive and 5.5% Rh negative in males, 40% Rh positive and 5.5% Rh negative in females), 35.2% to blood group B (38.2% Rh positive and 6.7% Rh negative in males, 52.8% Rh positive and 2.3% Rh negative in females), 11.1% to blood group AB (57.1% Rh positive in males, 39.3% Rh positive in females), and 32.0% to blood group O (54.3% Rh positive and 2.5% Rh negative in males, 38.3% Rh positive and 4.9% Rh negative in females). Conclusion: The distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups in the student population at SALU exhibits a distinct pattern, emphasizing the importance of regional studies in blood group distribution. These findings have significant implications for blood bank management, transfusion services, and healthcare planning in the region.