Distribution of <i>Candida</i> Species and Their Susceptibility to Antifungal Drugs in Dakar, Senegal

Abstract

The large spectrum of Candida species and their susceptibility to antifungal drugs has made the identification of Candida species and the detection of drug resistance necessary for the management of Candida infection. This study was carried out to determine the distribution of Candida species and to evaluate their susceptibility to antifungal drugs. A prospective observational and descriptive study was conducted from March to June 2016 in the laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology at Fann University Hospital in Dakar. Samples were analyzed by direct microscopy and culture. Identification of Candida species was based on filamentation test, chlamydosporulation formation, auxanogramme (AUXACOLOR TM Bio-Rad) and Candi-Select ® 4 (Bio-Rad,). The susceptibility of Candida species to antifungal drugs was tested using Fungitest ® (Bio-Rad) against 5-fluorocytosine, amphotericin B, miconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole and fluconazole. A descriptive analysis was performed using Stata MP 14. Among 336 specimens received for mycological examination, 68 (20.2%) were positive for Candida. The most identified Candida species were C. albicans (58.8%), C. glabrata (16.2%), C tropicalis (7.4%), C krusei (7.4%), C. parapsilosis (4.4%), C. dubliniensis (4.4%) and C. kefyr (1.5%). The majority of isolates were susceptible to ketoconazole (94.3%), fluconazole (85.7%), amphotericin B and 5 fluoro-cytosine (88.6%). The susceptibility rates were lower for itraconazole (51.4%) and miconazole (68.6%). One strain of C. albicans was resistant to 5 fluoro-cytosine, one strain of C. glabrata and C. tropicalis were resistant to itraconazole. The results of this study provide useful information regarding the distribution of Candida species and the susceptibility to antifungal drug. Routine identification of Candida species and monitoring of resistance patterns are necessary to manage Candida infection and to control the spread of resistance in clinical isolates of Candida species.

Resistance of Candida isolates to antifungals using VITEK system at the Rodolphe Mérieux Centre, Bamako, Mali

“…The most represented age group was 25-36 years (51%). This result is similar to that reported by Sylla K et al, [5] who found in Dakar in 2019 44.1% in the age group 25-35 years. Candida sp is a common cause of vaginosis and the age group is the most sexually active.…”

“…The decrease of Candida susceptibility to antifungals is reported, in France, a decrease in the sensitivity of C. glabrata to fluconazole and often to other azoles has been described [4]. In Senegal a strain of C. albicans resistant to flucytosine, a strain of C. glabrata and C. tropicalis resistant to itraconazole have been reported [5]. In Ivory Coast C. albicans presented reduced sensitivity to itraconazole with good sensitivity amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine; with voriconazole and fluconazole [6].…”

Identification, Prevalence and Susceptibility Profile of Candida Isolates at the Pasteur Institute in Côte D'ivoire From 2017 to 2019

“…These results are similar to those of Yapo in Côte d'Ivoire, who found no amphotericin-resistant strains [23], and to those of Angora et al, who found no resistant isolates in the C. albicans, C. tropicalis, or C. glabrata isolates tested by the ATB Fungus method [21]. In contrast, in other West African countries, a study in Senegal found that 5.7% of strains were resistant to amphotericin B [30]. Feglo & Narkwa in Nigeria found a high resistance rate (22.4%) among 67 strains tested with the ATB Fungus 3 method [34].…”

“…Antifungal susceptibility testing by the disk diffusion method was performed in accordance with CLSI document M44-A for yeasts. The resistance found by Sylla in Senegal[30] to uconazole was lower than that observed in our study, with a 2.9% uconazole resistance rate among 20 C. albicans strains by the Fungitest TM .In contrast with our results, Feglo & Narkwa in Nigeria found no resistant C. albicans strain(33) and only one resistant strain (4.5%) in all yeast isolates tested (67). Additionally, in Ethiopia, Seyoum et al found no resistance among 104 C. albicans isolates tested with the automated VITEK 2 compact system (bioMérieux, France) using YST-21343.…”