Distribution of arachidonic acid among phospholipid subclasses of lone star tick salivary glands

Shipley, Michael M.; Dillwith, Jack W.; Bowman, Alan K.; Essenberg, Richard C.; Sauer, John R.

doi:10.1016/0965-1748(94)90053-1

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The reason for the preferential incorporation of AA into chyle PE is not known. Among mucosal PL the proportion of retained AA in PE increases with time and that in PC decreases (60,62,73,74). The incorporation into PE may occur by the CDP-ethanolamine pathway selectively utilizing DG species containing AA or DHA for de novo synthesis during fat absorption, or during recycling of these spe-cies from PC via the reversibility of the phosphotransferase reactions (75)(76)(77).…”

Section: Absorption and Metabolism In The Intestinal Mucosamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of eicosanoid precursor fatty acid pools in tissues

Zhou

Nilsson

2001

Journal of Lipid Research

162

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Tissue arachidonic acid (AA) pools originate from the diet, and from hepatic and extrahepatic desaturationelongation of dietary linoleic acid (LA). This review summarizes the roles of absorption, transport, and formation of AA in the buildup of tissue AA pools. In humans who ingest 0.2-0.3 g of AA and 10-20 g of LA per day on a Western diet, the formation of AA from LA exceeds the dietary supply of AA. A number of factors favor the partitioning of AA to tissue phospholipids rather than adipose tissue and plasma triglycerides. The characteristics of AA transport with lipoproteins are discussed with focus on the role of lipoprotein lipase, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, hepatic lipase, and the scavenger receptor BI and LDL receptors in tissue uptake of AA. Liver-derived 2-acyl-lysophosphatidylcholine and plasma free AA are two important sources of AA for extrahepatic tissues which exhibit a low rate of uptake of lipoprotein AA. Desaturation-elongation of LA to produce AA occurs both in liver and in extrahepatic tissues, plasma free LA being an important substrate particularly during fasting. The AA preference of the reacylation and transacylation reactions is crucial for the selective retention of AA in phospholipids. -Zhou, L., and Å. Nilsson. Sources of eicosanoid precursor fatty acid pools in tissues.

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Section: Absorption and Metabolism In The Intestinal Mucosamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of eicosanoid precursor fatty acid pools in tissues

Zhou

Nilsson

2001

Journal of Lipid Research

162

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“…Our results do not indicate the anatomical source of the free fatty acids. Previous studies of the salivary gland lipids of A. americanum (Shipley et al, 1993, 1994) detected large amounts of arachidonic acid esterified to glycerol in phospholipids and triglycerides, but free arachaidonic acid was detected only in unfed females. Therefore, the high level of arachidonic acid we found in external extracts of fed females is unlikely to be derived from the salivary glands.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Surface lipidome of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, provides leads on semiochemicals and lipid metabolism

Renthal

Lohmeyer

Borges

et al. 2019

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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Lipids extracted from the surface of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, were analyzed by high resolution mass spectrometry. Prior to lipid extraction, the adult ticks were either unfed or fed on cattle, and the fed ticks were in groups either containing males and females together, or containing only males or females. Cholesteryl esters were found on the surfaces of fed females, and they may provide a more complete description of the composition of the mounting sex pheromone. Dihydrocholesteryl esters were detected on the surfaces of unfed males and females, suggesting a possible role in survival during host-seeking. Dehydrodeoxyecdysone, found on fed females, could be a component of the genital sex pheromone. The most abundant polar surface lipids detected were acylglycerides. High levels of sphingolipids and glycerophospholipids on males fed separately might be derived, in part, from sperm development. A high level of a 20:4 fatty acid, presumably arachidonic acid, was found on the surface of fed females, indicating that it may be a component of the genital sex pheromone. A high level of docosenamide was found on the surface of fed females. Wax esters were found on the surfaces of fed ticks but not on unfed ticks. These esters could be involved in elasticity of the cuticle of engorged females or in wax coating of eggs. N-acylethanolamines were found on the surfaces of male and female ticks fed together, and on male ticks fed separately, but were absent or at low levels on females fed separately and on unfed ticks. This pattern suggests a possible role as a metabolic coordination primer pheromone.

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“…Isolated tick salivary glands incorporate t3H1AA into only two phospholipids, PC and PE, (Bowman et al, 1995~1, where it resides (< 98%) in the sn-2 position (Shipley et al, 1994). No endogenous AA is resent in covered from the phosphoinositol pool of isolated salivary glands (Bowman et al,199.513.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salivary gland lipid extracts were separated into neutral lipids, free fatty acids, and phospholipids on aminopropyl solid phase extraction columns, as described by Shipley et al (1994). For the labelled gland studies, the lipid fractions were dried under a gentle stream of air, redissolved in 0.5ml methano1:acetic acid (99:1, v/v) and then mixed with 5ml BioCount scintillation cocktail.…”

Section: Lipid Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies with isolated salivary glands indicate that AA is incorporated into phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) via the Lands pathway involving lysophosphatide acyl transferase (LAT, E.C.2.3.1.23) . It is thought that salivary gland prostaglandins originate from the arachidonate present in the salivary gland phospholipids where it resides almost entirely (>98%) in the sn-2 position of the phospholipid (Shipley et al, 1994). Synthesis of prostaglandins via the cyclooxygenase pathway necessitates the release of AA from the phospholipid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation of free arachidonic acid levels in isolated salivary glands from the lone star tick: A role for dopamine

Bowman

Dillwith

Madden

et al. 1995

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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An important regulatory step for prostaglandin synthesis is the availability of the precursor, free arachidonic acid (AA). In isolated salivary glands of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.), the level of free AA appears to depend on higher phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity rather than decreased rates of re-esterification by lysophosphatide acyl transferase (LAT). This conclusion is supported by experiments where inhibition of LAT with merthiolate was without effect, while the calcium ionophore A23187, a PLA2 stimulant, increased levels of free AA. The PLA2 activity in A. americanum was reduced by the substrate analog, PLA2 inhibitor, oleyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine in a dose-dependent manner, but was insensitive to the other mammalian PLA2 inhibitors mepacrine (20 microM), aristolochic acid (45 microM), and dexamethasone (50 microM). No substrate preference was observed for the functional group of the phospholipid, with phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine being equal sources of AA in A23187-stimulated glands. Compared to phospholipids containing other fatty acids, only arachidonyl-phospholipid (arachidonyl-PL) was significantly hydrolyzed by PLA2 activity in A23187-stimulated glands. Dopamine was as effective as A23187 as a stimulant of PLA2 activity in isolated glands, but this effect was abolished in the presence of the calcium channel blocking agent verapamil. It is concluded that free AA levels in tick salivary glands are increased through activation of a Type IV-like PLA2 following an increase of intracellular calcium caused by the opening of voltage-dependent calcium channels due to dopamine stimulation.

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Distribution of arachidonic acid among phospholipid subclasses of lone star tick salivary glands

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Sources of eicosanoid precursor fatty acid pools in tissues

Sources of eicosanoid precursor fatty acid pools in tissues

Surface lipidome of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum, provides leads on semiochemicals and lipid metabolism

Regulation of free arachidonic acid levels in isolated salivary glands from the lone star tick: A role for dopamine

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