Distribution of B type trichothecene producing Fusarium species in wheat grain and relation to mycotoxins DON and NIV concentrations

Remža

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

2017

The contamination of unprocessed winter wheat grain by mycotoxins was detected on the territory of the Slovak Republic with the focus on primary producers, after the harvest in 2009-2010, 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 growing periods. Mycotoxin levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was the most common Fusarium toxin, detected in 85% of samples, 2% of samples exceeded the maximum level set by Regulation (EC) 1881/2006. Nivalenol (NIV) was detected in 63% of samples, T-2 toxin -in 73% and HT-2 toxin -in 79%. The mean concentration of DON was 368.4 µg kg -1 , for NIV -34.8 µg kg -1 , for T-2 toxin -38.2 µg kg -1 and for HT-2 toxin -29.9 µg kg -1 . Co-occurrence of DON with NIV was detected in 15.5% of positive samples and their co-occurrence with other mycotoxins represented additional 7.35%. Cooccurrence of DON with zearalenone (ZEA) was detected in 25.9% of positive samples. To prevent the occurrence of mycotoxins at levels considered harmful to human health, a number of measures are needed at different levels, from good agricultural practices, breeding for resistance, to adequate legislation, methods and programs for food control that influence food security.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium mycotoxin contamination and co-occurrence in Slovak winter wheat grains

Remža

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

2017

“…Five out of nine Fusarium species ( F. avenaceum , F. equiseti , F. culmorum , F. oxysporum and F. graminearum ) were recovered from more than 40 weed species representing >71.4% of all sampled weed species, and it is noteworthy that all of these species, with the exception of F. oxysporum, are associated with FHB and CR diseases in cereals (Bottalico & Perrone, ; Chakraborty et al ., ). In our study, the most common Fusarium species from weeds was F. equiseti ; however, in Lithuania and other northern European countries, the most commonly reported cereal pathogens are F. avenaceum and F. graminearum , rather than F. equiseti (Jonaviciene et al ., ; Sakalauskas et al ., ; Supronien≐ et al ., ). Fusarium equiseti is better known as a weak pathogen of the cereals (Fernandez & Chen, ), but it is nevertheless considered as a harmful pathogen of ginseng that may cause root rot in other crop plants, including cereals (Goswami et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Asymptomatic weeds are frequently colonised by pathogenic species of Fusarium in cereal‐based crop rotations

et al. 2019

Summary Several Fusarium species cause harmful cereal diseases, such as fusarium head blight and crown rot, which, during pathogenesis, may result in significant grain yield and quality losses. Several species of agricultural weed are believed to be alternative and reservoir hosts for Fusarium spp.; however, studies have not comprehensively evaluated those weed species in cropping systems that may harbour these fungi. The objective of this study was to determine weed species in cereal‐based crop rotations that are asymptomatically colonised by Fusarium spp. We sampled all species of weed present in fields that were managed under six different crop sequences in 2015 and 2016. The study yielded 2326 single‐spore isolates of Fusarium spp. derived from various organs of asymptomatic weeds. Isolates were identified morphologically and then confirmed using PCR with species‐specific primers and/or sequencing of tef1α gene fragments. Isolates of nine Fusarium spp. were obtained from 689 of the 744 individuals collected that represented 56 weed species. Each weed species harboured at least one species of Fusarium, and >80% were colonised by 3–9 Fusarium spp. In total, we identified 27 dicotyledonous weed species that were previously undocumented as Fusarium hosts and 251 new weed × Fusarium species combinations were revealed. Consequently, there is a greater risk of negative Fusarium impacts on cereal crops than was previously thought. We suggest effective weed management and inversion soil tillage may help mitigate these impacts.

“…The belonging to a particular chemotype is a specific feature of a B-trichothecene producing strain. In recent years, studies have been published on the occurrence of chemotypes of B-trichothecene producers (primarily F. graminearum ) in various regions of the world, e.g., in South America [ 60 ], Africa [ 61 ], and Europe [ 62 , 63 ]. In 2016, the results of an extensive study conducted by experts from 17 European countries, including Russia, were published [ 64 ], which led to the creation of a European database (www.catalogueeu.luxmcc.lu).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Analysis and Molecular Typing of Trichothecene-Producing Fusarium Fungi from Russian Collections

et al. 2018

We performed a three-locus phylogenetic analysis of Fusarium strains presumably capable of trichothecene production, which were deposited in the Russian national collections. The intra- and interspecific polymorphism of partial sequences of the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF1α) gene and two genes from the trichothecene cluster TRI5 and TRI14 was studied. A study of 60 strains of different origins using DNA markers confirmed, and in the case for several strains, clarified their taxonomic characteristics. As a result, a strain of F. commune (F-900) was identified in Russia for the first time. Furthermore, the strain F-846 proved to be phylogenetically distinct from any of the known Fusarium species. F. equiseti strains from Northwest Russia were found to belong to the North European group (I), whereas a strain from the North Caucasus – to the South European one (II). Partial TRI14 sequences from 9 out of 12 species were determined for the first time. Their comparative analysis demonstrated a relatively high level of intraspecific variability in F. graminearum and F. sporotrichioides, but no correlation between the sequence polymorphism and the geographic origin of the strains or their chemotype was found. Specific chemotypes of trichothecene B producers were characterized using two primer sets. The chemotyping results were verified by HPLC.