Distribution of Bacillus thuringiensis Serotypes in Ehime Prefecture : Japan

Ohba, Michio; Aizawa, Katsuo; Furusawa, Toshiharu

doi:10.1303/aez.14.340

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…thuringiensis itself is normally present in the environment. We know that it can very quickly appear in mass-rearing facilities (Burges and Hurst 1977), that it can persist for a considerable length of time in treated oils (Saleh et al 1970), that it is common in soils adjacent to sericulture farms in Japan (Aizawa et al 1961;Ohba et al 1979), and that it will persist in the dusts of abandoned mills where grains had been stored, even many years after the mills have been closed (Vankova and Purrini 1979). W e d o not know whether B .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus thuringiensis distribution in soils of the United States

DeLucca¹,

Simonson²,

Larson³

1981

Can. J. Microbiol.

106

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During a 2-year study, samples of various types of soils were collected from 115 fields that had not previously been tested with Bacillus thuringiensis and which were remote from any large-scale aggregations of lepidopterous insects in rearing or grain-storage areas. An average of about 400 isolates were examined from each soil, and, of 46 373 isolates examined, only 250 (0.5%) were identified as B. thuringiensis. While it was almost impossible to insure that a field had never been treated with B. thuringiensis or that drift from some nearby application had not reached the field, it is noteworthy that of the 250 isolates, 156 (62.4%) were not var. kurstaki, the only variety that has been used commercially in the United States in about 10 years. This is a strong indication that the B. thuringiensis isolates observed were present naturally. To verify the procedures used, samples were taken from two adjacent experimental plots which had been treated about 12 months previously with formulations of var. kurstaki and var. galleriae, respectively. With practically no exception, the variety recovered from each plot was the variety applied, indicating that the varietal status of B. thuringiensis is stable in the soil.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacillus thuringiensis distribution in soils of the United States

DeLucca¹,

Simonson²,

Larson³

1981

Can. J. Microbiol.

106

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“…morrisoni PG14 (H 8a:8b) (26), B. thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis H-10 strains 73-E10-2 and 73-E10-16 (24,25), Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1, and other strains that produce a mosquitocidal P2 protein (38).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and properties of a 28-kilodalton hemolytic and mosquitocidal protein toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis 73-E10-2

Drobniewski

1989

J Bacteriol

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The mosquitocidal crystal of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis 73-E10-2 was purified, bioassayed against third-instar Aedes aegypti larvae (50% lethal concentration, 7.5 ,ug/ml), and subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, revealing polypeptides of 125, 50, 47, and 28 kilodaltons (kDa). When solubilized and proteolytically activated by insect gut proteases or proteinase K, the crystal was cytotoxic to insect and mammalian cells in vitro and was hemolytic. By using nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a polypeptide of 23 kDa, derived from the 28-kDa protoxin, was identified which was hemolytic and cytotoxic to Aedes albopictus, A. aegypti, and Choristoneurafumiferana CF1 insect cell lines. The 23-kDa polypeptide was purified by ion-exchange chromatography and gave 50% lethal dose values of 3.8, 3.3, and 6.9 ,ug/ml against A. albopictus, A. aegypti, and C. fumiferana CF1 cells lines, respectively. Cytotoxicity in vitro was both dose and temperature dependent, with a sigmoidal dose-response curve. The cytotoxicity of the 23-kDa toxin and the solubilized and proteolytically activated 8-endotoxin was inhibited by a range of phospholipids containing unsaturated fatty acids and by triglyceride and diglyceride dispersions. An interaction with membrane phospholipids appears important for toxicity. Polyclonal antisera prepared against the 23-kDa polypeptide did not cross-react with polypeptides in the native crystals of four other mosquitocidal strains.

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“…All strains of BTD (Krieg and de Barjac 1968;Ohba et al 1979), including dipteran-specific strains 72-E-10-2 (BTD2) and 73-E-10-16 (BTD16), the nontoxic strain 73-E-10-14 (BTD14), the lepidopteran-specific strain BTD IPL, and BT subsp. thuringiensis (BTT) HD-2 were a gift from R.M.…”

Section: Strains and Plasmidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insertion sequence elements in Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis

Ryan¹,

Johnson²,

Bulla³

1993

Can. J. Microbiol.

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Two variants of insertion sequence IS231, named IS231G and H, were isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis 73-E-10-2 (BTD2), an isolate toxic to dipteran insects, and characterized by DNA sequence analysis. They are encoded consecutively as direct repeats on an EcoRI fragment of 5.6 kilo base pairs. Direct tandem repeats of IS231 elements have not been previously reported. Both elements are closely related to other members of the IS231 family that have been isolated from B. thuringiensis strains toxic to lepidopteran as well as to dipteran insects. A close correlation exists between the evolutionary relationships of the IS231 sequences determined to data and the toxicity spectrum of the host cell. Probing of BTD2 DNA with a radiolabeled IS231G fragment demonstrated that IS231 elements are located on 55- and 34-MDa plasmids as well as on chromosomal DNA. Chromosomal DNA, but not plasmids, from BTD2 also hybridizes to another, unrelated insertion sequence, IS240, from B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, an isolate toxic to dipteran insects. BTD2, therefore, contains IS elements once thought to reside exclusively in either dipteran- or lepidopteran-specific subspecies of B. thuringiensis.

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Distribution of Bacillus thuringiensis Serotypes in Ehime Prefecture : Japan

Cited by 29 publications

References 9 publications

Bacillus thuringiensis distribution in soils of the United States

Bacillus thuringiensis distribution in soils of the United States

Purification and properties of a 28-kilodalton hemolytic and mosquitocidal protein toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis 73-E10-2

Insertion sequence elements in Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis

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