Distribution of Brevetoxin (PbTx-3) in Mouse Plasma: Association with High-Density Lipoproteins

Woofter, Ricky T.; Spiess, Page C.; Ramsdell, John S.

doi:10.1289/ehp.8010

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Over the past decade, again thanks to the application of new technologies, major advances have been made in the detection of brevetoxins in a range of substrates, including seawater, air, seafood, and various animal and human clinical specimens (Dechraoui 2005; Dickey et al, 2004; Flewelling et al, 2005; Naar et al, 2007; Plakas et al, 2008; Poli et al, 2007; Weidner et al, 2004; Woofter et al 2003, 2005a and b, 2007). In particular, the creation, development and application of a new brevetoxin ELISA to all of these substrates, coupled with significant improvements in the detection limits of more traditional toxicologic analyses (e.g.…”

Section: 0 Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Florida red tide and human health effects

et al. 2011

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This paper reviews the literature describing research performed over the past decade on the known and possible exposures and human health effects associated with Florida red tides. These harmful algal blooms are caused by the dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis, and similar organisms, all of which produce a suite of natural toxins known as brevetoxins. Florida red tide research has benefited from a consistently funded, long term research program, that has allowed an interdisciplinary team of researchers to focus their attention on this specific environmental issue—one that is critically important to Gulf of Mexico and other coastal communities. This long-term interdisciplinary approach has allowed the team to engage the local community, identify measures to protect public health, take emerging technologies into the field, forge advances in natural products chemistry, and develop a valuable pharmaceutical product. The Review includes a brief discussion of the Florida red tide organisms and their toxins, and then focuses on the effects of these toxins on animals and humans, including how these effects predict what we might expect to see in exposed people.

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Section: 0 Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Florida red tide and human health effects

et al. 2011

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“…Blood lipoproteins bind brevetoxins [33,34], which increases systemic distribution as well as the ability of toxin to enter cells. Placental transport of PbTx-3 also occurs [35].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of in vitro Brevetoxin Exposure on Apoptosis and Cellular Metabolism in a Leukemic T Cell Line (Jurkat)

et al. 2008

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Abstract:Harmful algal blooms (HABs) of the toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis, produce red tide toxins, or brevetoxins. Significant health effects associated with red tide toxin exposure have been reported in sea life and in humans, with brevetoxins documented within immune cells from many species. The objective of this research was to investigate potential immunotoxic effects of brevetoxins using a leukemic T cell line (Jurkat) as an in vitro model system. Viability, cell proliferation, and apoptosis assays were conducted using brevetoxin congeners PbTx-2, PbTx-3, and PbTx-6. The effects of in vitro brevetoxin exposure on cell viability and cellular metabolism or proliferation were determined using trypan blue and MTT (1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan), respectively. Using MTT, cellular metabolic activity was decreased in Jurkat cells exposed to 5 -10 µg/ml PbTx-2 or PbTx-6. After 3 h, no significant effects on cell viability were observed with any toxin congener in concentrations up to 10 µg/ml. Viability decreased dramatically after 24 h in cells treated with PbTx-2 or -6. Apoptosis, as measured by caspase-3 activity, was significantly increased in cells exposed to PbTx-2 or PbTx-6. In summary, brevetoxin congeners varied in effects on Jurkat cells, with PbTx-2 and PbTx-6 eliciting greater cellular effects compared to PbTx-3.

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“…Although PbTxs reached blood concentrations equal to 25-30 nM after 12 h following intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection in mice -values much higher than toxin concentrations active on the VGSC in vitro -no toxic effects were observed (Woofter et al 2005). In fact, 39 % of [ 3 H]-PbTx-3 was bound to components in mouse plasma, of which about 7 % was associated with serum albumin.…”

Section: Pharmacokinetics/toxicokineticsmentioning

confidence: 92%