Distribution of bulbil‐ and seed‐producing plants of <i>Poa alpina</i> (Poaceae) and their growth and reproduction in common gardens suggest adaptation to different elevations

Steiner, Bigna L.; Armbruster, Georg F. J.; Scheepens, J. F.; Stöcklin, Jürg

doi:10.3732/ajb.1200213

Cited by 32 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…; Steiner et al . ). In alpine conditions, simulations found that seed dispersal via wind may exceed 1000 m (Tackenberg & Stöcklin ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Steiner et al . ). In a pre‐analysis, we checked the repeatability of the PCR banding patterns in four individuals with replicates (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Steiner et al . ) or pseudoviviparous bulbil producers (Muntzing ). The occurrence of seed‐producing plants generally decreases with increasing elevation relative to bulbil‐producing plants (Maurer ; Fischer et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Steiner et al . ) show details on PCR conditions of five microsatellite loci (CA1D4, GAC1, GA1C3, CA1F4, CAB12), horizontal gel electrophoresis of PCR amplicons and ethidium bromide staining of Spreadex ® gels as applied in this study. Since P. alpina is polyploid, we used a presence/absence (1/0) coding of the microsatellite banding patterns (see Rudmann‐Maurer et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of local adaptation to fine‐ and coarse‐grained environmental variability inPoa alpinain the Swiss Alps

et al. 2016

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Summary In the alpine landscape, characterized by high spatiotemporal heterogeneity and barriers, divergent selection is likely to lead to local adaptation of plant populations either through adaptive genetic differentiation or through phenotypic plasticity. The relative importance of these processes has rarely been investigated in relation to the spatial scale of environmental heterogeneity. In this study, we used reciprocal transplantation experiments of populations across nearby and distant field sites to shed light on these complementary processes. We reciprocally transplanted populations of the widespread alpine grass, Poa alpina, within and across regions in the Swiss Alps. We inferred local adaptation at the metapopulation level by comparing fitness of plants transplanted to their site of origin and to nearby or distant novel sites. Additionally, we measured specific leaf area (SLA) and performed selection analyses to investigate directional selection on mean trait value at each field site and on the degree of plasticity of this trait to assess whether plastic responses were adaptive. In parallel, all populations were genotyped with microsatellite markers to assess neutral molecular differentiation. Molecular differentiation was high among populations within and among regions, indicating restricted gene flow among P. alpina populations. Reproductive biomass was highest in individuals grown in their region of origin, revealing local adaptation to coarse‐grained environmental variability. Similarly, inflorescence height, associated with reproductive biomass, reflected adaptation to fine‐ and coarse‐grained environmental variability. Furthermore, we found evidence that plasticity in SLA across coarse‐grained habitats was correlated with plant fitness, suggesting that plasticity in this trait is adaptive. Synthesis. Our results revealed adaptive genetic differentiation between P. alpina populations in the Swiss Alps reflecting local adaptation. Furthermore, high phenotypic plasticity in SLA contributed to the maintenance of fitness homoeostasis across habitats. Hence, adaptive genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity play a complementary role for adaption of P. alpina to environmental heterogeneity in the Swiss Alps and both may be critical to mitigate local extinction risk under rapid climate change.

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“…; Steiner et al . ). In alpine conditions, simulations found that seed dispersal via wind may exceed 1000 m (Tackenberg & Stöcklin ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Steiner et al . ). In a pre‐analysis, we checked the repeatability of the PCR banding patterns in four individuals with replicates (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evidence of local adaptation to fine‐ and coarse‐grained environmental variability inPoa alpinain the Swiss Alps

et al. 2016

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“…Formation of bulbils is often under environmental control (Heide 1989;Youngner 1960), and is common in cool, wet environments (Lee and Harmer 1980) although P. bulbosa has become a widespread weed even in dry areas. In P. alpina, plants that produced bulbils are more common at high elevations and have reduced fitness if transplanted to lower sites (Steiner et al 2012). The bulbils may be dormant (as in P. bulbosa) or may germinate immediately (as in F. viviparoidea) (Lee and Harmer 1980).…”

Section: Asexual Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Systems

Kellogg¹

2015

Flowering Plants. Monocots

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Reproductive systems in the grasses are diverse. This section begins by describing the morphological variation in placement of the stamens and pistils, and then follows with discussion of outcrossing, self-pollination and apomixis. UNISEXUAL VS. BISEXUAL FLOWERSGrasses may have unisexual or bisexual flowers. Because of the distribution of the unisexual versus bisexual condition in the immediate outgroups and early diverging taxa, attempts to determine the ancestral condition for the family are highly sensitive to analytical method and assumptions (Malcomber and Kellogg 2006). Among the graminid Poales, flowers of Flagellariaceae are bisexual, whereas those of Restionaceae, Centrolepidaceae and Anarthriaceae are unisexual. The two immediate outgroups of the grasses, Ecdeiocoleaceae and Joinvilleaceae, have unisexual and bisexual flowers, respectively. In the grasses, flowers in Anomochlooideae are bisexual, but those in Pharoideae are unisexual, and Puelioideae are bisexual. This distribution of character states indicates either that unisexual flowers have arisen repeatedly, or that reversion from unisexual to bisexual is fairly easy over evolutionary time, or both.Virtually all possible arrangements of unisexual flowers on the plant are known in the grasses (Connor 1981(Connor , 1987. Monoecy is widespread, appearing in all Pharoideae, tribe Olyreae of Bambusoideae, many members of Chloridoideae and Panicoideae, and some Ehrhartoideae. Among monoecious grasses, sex expression may vary between flowers within a spikelet (e.g., Lecomtella, Ixophorus), between spikelets within an inflorescence (e.g., Pharus, Hypogynium, Zizania), or between inflorescences within a plant (e. g., Zea, many Olyreae).Andromonoecy is common, particularly in the Panicoideae, in which spikelets are conventionally two-flowered, with the lower flower often producing stamens and the upper one being bisexual. Additional variations on this theme occur in the tribe Andropogoneae, with sex expression varying between the flowers in each of the two spikelets of the spikelet pair. For example, in many species of Andropogon, the sessile spikelet has a sterile lower flower and bisexual upper flower, while the pedicellate spikelet has a sterile lower flower and staminate upper one; this produces an inflorescence of bisexual and staminate flowers in a 1:1 ratio. In other Andropogoneae (e.g., Elymandra), the most proximal spikelet pairs on the inflorescence consist entirely of staminate flowers, thus increasing the ratio of staminate to bisexual flowers.In contrast to andromonoecy, gynomonoecy is rare in the grasses as a whole. Connor (1981) reports only eight genera with this distribution of flower types. In two of these, the bambusoids Diandrolyra and Piresia, the apparently bisexual flowers are in fact staminate with the gynoecium non-functional; thus, the plants are actually monoecious. In the chloridoid genus Munroa, pistillate flowers are proximal to bisexual ones in the spikelets of most species, but in M. squarrosa, pistillate spikelets occur only...

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Fertilisation and Fruit Development

Kraehmer

Baur

2019

Grasses

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Distribution of bulbil‐ and seed‐producing plants of Poa alpina (Poaceae) and their growth and reproduction in common gardens suggest adaptation to different elevations

Cited by 32 publications

References 56 publications

Evidence of local adaptation to fine‐ and coarse‐grained environmental variability inPoa alpinain the Swiss Alps

Evidence of local adaptation to fine‐ and coarse‐grained environmental variability inPoa alpinain the Swiss Alps

Reproductive Systems

Fertilisation and Fruit Development

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