Distribution of carnation viruses in the shoot tip: Exclusion from the shoot apical meristem

Gosalvez‐Bernal, Blanca; García-Castillo, Silvia; Pallás, Vicente; Pina, María Amelia Sánchez

doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2006.12.004

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Next, we evaluated in more detail the viral progression in the shoot apical meristems (SAM) and floral stems at 8 and 15 dpi, respectively, detecting AMV RNA4 by in situ hybridization ( Figure 3 , Supplementary Figure 3 ). At 8 dpi, no hybridization signal was observed in the SAM of WT plants, as expected accordingly to the general knowledge that viruses cannot invade the SAM ( Gosalvez-Bernal et al, 2006 ; Wu et al, 2020 ). However, we could observe the presence of vRNAs patches in both developing flowers and floral stems.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

The m6A RNA Demethylase ALKBH9B Plays a Critical Role for Vascular Movement of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus in Arabidopsis

et al. 2021

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The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) pathway has been widely described as a viral regulatory mechanism in animals. We previously reported that the capsid protein (CP) of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) interacts with the Arabidopsis m6A demethylase ALKBH9B regulating m6A abundance on viral RNAs (vRNAs) and systemic invasion of floral stems. Here, we analyze the involvement of other ALKBH9 proteins in AMV infection and we carry out a detailed evaluation of the infection restraint observed in alkbh9b mutant plants. Thus, via viral titer quantification experiments and in situ hybridization assays, we define the viral cycle steps that are altered by the absence of the m6A demethylase ALKBH9B in Arabidopsis. We found that ALKBH9A and ALKBH9C do not regulate the AMV cycle, so ALKBH9B activity seems to be highly specific. We also define that not only systemic movement is affected by the absence of the demethylase, but also early stages of viral infection. Moreover, our findings suggest that viral upload into the phloem could be blocked in alkbh9b plants. Overall, our results point to ALKBH9B as a possible new component of phloem transport, at least for AMV, and as a potential target to obtain virus resistance crops.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

The m6A RNA Demethylase ALKBH9B Plays a Critical Role for Vascular Movement of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus in Arabidopsis

et al. 2021

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“…As well as source regions, shoot apical meristem (SAM) also evades the infection of many viruses such as TMV (Cheng et al ., 2000), Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) (Faccioli et al ., 1988), Carnation mottle virus (CarMV), Carnation vein mottle potyvirus (CVMV), Carnation latent carlavirus (CLV), Carnation etch ring caulimovirus (CERV) (Gosálvez‐Bernal et al ., 2006), and others (Mori et al ., 1982; reviewed in Hull, 2002). The reason why this tissue fails to allow virus replication remains unclear, although recent results indicating that RNA silencing mechanisms could be involved are contributing to clarify this point (Foster et al ., 2002; Schwach et al ., 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and pathway for phloem‐dependent movement of Melon necrotic spot virus in melon plants

Gosalvez‐Bernal

Genovés

Navarro

et al. 2008

Molecular Plant Pathology

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The translocation of Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) within tissues of inoculated and systemically infected Cucumis melo L. 'Galia' was studied by tissue-printing and in situ hybridization techniques. The results were compatible with the phloem vascular components being used to spread MNSV systemically by the same assimilate transport route that runs from source to sink organs. Virus RNAs were shown to move from the inoculated cotyledon toward the hypocotyl and root system via the external phloem, whereas the upward spread through the stem to the young tissues took place via the internal phloem. Virus infection was absent from non-inoculated source tissues as well as from both shoot and root apical meristems, but active sink tissues such as the young leaves and root system were highly infected. Finally, our results suggest that the MNSV invasion of roots is due to virus replication although a destination-selective process is probably necessary to explain the high levels of virus accumulation in roots. This efficient invasion of the root system is discussed in terms of natural transmission of MNSV by the soil-borne fungal vector.

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“…repertoire of fluorescent proteins, such as the green fluorescent protein (GFP), expressed from engineered viral genomes in order to visualize viral distribution during plant infections (Dietrich and Maiss, 2003;Oparka et al, 1997). Other studies have used in situ hybridization (ISH), where the viral genome can be accurately localized at the cellular level (Amari et al, 2009(Amari et al, , 2007Gómez-Aix et al, 2015;Gosalvez-Bernal et al, 2008, 2006, with ISH having the advantage of localizing wild type, unmodified viral genomes. Non-radioactive ISH methods have also been used for chromosome mapping (Gordon et al, 1995), gene expression localization (Zeller et al, 2001), and pathogen detection in animal (Montone and Guarner, 2013) and plant tissues (Alves-Júnior et al, 2009;Bergua et al, 2016;Rentería-Canett et al, 2011;Tanaka, 2009;Wang et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

In situ hybridization for the localization of two pepino mosaic virus isolates in mixed infections

Gómez‐Aix

Alcaide

Gómez

et al. 2019

Journal of Virological Methods

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In situ hybridization (ISH) is a very accurate technique for the localization of viral genomes in plant tissue and cells. However, simultaneous visualization of related plant viruses in mixed infections may be limited due to the nucleotide genome similarity and the single chromogenic detection over the same sample preparation. To address this issue, we used two Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) isolates and performed ISH over consecutive serial cross-sections of paraffinembedded leaf samples of single and mixed infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Our results, based on the overlapping of consecutive cross-sections from mixed infected plants, showed that both PepMV isolates co-localized in the same leaf tissue. In turn, both isolates were localized in the cytoplasm of the same cells. These results provide valuable information for studying mixed infections in plants by using ISH, which could help with elucidating the ecological mechanisms of virus-virus interactions within-plants.

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Distribution of carnation viruses in the shoot tip: Exclusion from the shoot apical meristem

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

The m6A RNA Demethylase ALKBH9B Plays a Critical Role for Vascular Movement of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus in Arabidopsis

The m6A RNA Demethylase ALKBH9B Plays a Critical Role for Vascular Movement of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus in Arabidopsis

Distribution and pathway for phloem‐dependent movement of Melon necrotic spot virus in melon plants

In situ hybridization for the localization of two pepino mosaic virus isolates in mixed infections

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