Distribution of chloride in tobacco laminae and midribs as influenced by the chloride content of the irrigation water

Orphanos, P. I.

doi:10.1007/bf02370719

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This result was due mostly to the continuous chloride addition to soil via the irrigation water; consequently, upper leaves of plants accumulated higher amounts of chloride than the lower leaves. These results are different from those of Rhoads (1975), Kitamura et al (1978a), Orphanos (1987), Metochis and Orphanos (1990), Peedin and Warren (1990), Cao et al (1992), and Peedin (1999), who found higher chloride concentration in lower than in upper leaves, or no significant differentiation in chloride content among the stalk positions. This disagreement is probably due to the various tobacco types, cultivars, and methods of fertilization, cultivation and harvesting used.…”

Section: Cured-leaf Chloride Concentrationcontrasting

confidence: 83%

Effect of Chloride in Irrigation Water on Oriental (Sun-Cured) Tobacco

Karaivazoglou¹,

Papakosta²,

Divanidis³

2006

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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Responses of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) to chloride vary according to tobacco types, cultivars, and methods of fertilization, cultivation, and harvesting used. Until now, research has focused on types other than Oriental. In this work, the effect of chloride concentration (10 to 80 mg L −1 ) in irrigation water on growth and agronomic and chemical characteristics of Oriental tobacco was evaluated with a three-year (1999)(2000)(2001) outdoor pot experiment. Whether Oriental tobacco cultivars, aromatic and neutral, respond differently to chloride was also investigated. The results showed that the influence of chloride on growth-development and total cured leaves yield on Oriental tobacco was inconsistent and substantial only in neutral cultivars. The increased cured leaves yield in neutral cultivars with 50 mg Cl L −1 was attributed mainly to the increased size of leaves. Leaf chloride concentration increased linearly with the increase of chloride level in irrigation water, but the leaf chloride concentration and the rate of linear increase were highest in the upper leaves of the plant, and decreased gradually from the upper to the lower leaves. Generally, the optimum chloride level in irrigation water was found to be below 20 mg L −1 , whereas the 40 mg L −1 level was the critical upper threshold to avoid adverse effects on Oriental tobacco. The six cultivars showed different accumulation rates of chloride in leaves, and these rates were affected differently by the increased chloride in water. The changes in chemical characteristics examined concerning cured-leaf product quality were minor. The results indicate that one may choose among cultivars, either aromatic or neutral, in order to limit the adverse effects of irrigation with water containing increased chloride concentration.

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Section: Cured-leaf Chloride Concentrationcontrasting

confidence: 83%

Effect of Chloride in Irrigation Water on Oriental (Sun-Cured) Tobacco

Karaivazoglou¹,

Papakosta²,

Divanidis³

2006

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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“…Trickle irrigation has been found to cause lower leaf chloride concentration, which is a beneficial effect for leaf quality, than sprinkler irrigation (Orphanos and Metochis, 1985;1989). With increasing chloride supply more chloride goes to the lamina than to the midrib (Orphanos, 1987). In contrast to the results of Papenfus and Cousins (1969) and Orphanos and Metochis (1989) reported topping to increase fresh yield by only 7%, but dry matter yield by 18%.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Nitrogen fertigation of flue-cured tobacco in a Mediterranean environment

Orphanos

Metochis

1990

Plant Soil

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Nitrogen fertilizing significantly affects yield and quality of tobacco. Under Mediterranean conditions, irrigation, too, is a critical factor that can influence yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The combination of trickle irrigation and N fertilizing (N fertigation) should enable more efficient use of N and water to be made, and facilitate the management of the crop. This hypothesis was tested in two field experiments on a clay soil. Yield was the same with one irrigation line for every plant row or one irrigation line for every two plant rows. Leaf DM yield was the same (4t ha -t) over the range of 70-160 kg N ha -1, although fresh yield slightly increased over this range from 25 to 30 t ha -~.In contrast to other studies, topping the plants increased DM yield by 19% but fresh yield by only 8%, irrespective of N rate. Nicotine content increased in leaves of topped plants as the season progressed, but decreased in leaves of untopped plants. Application of 70-115 kgN ha -t did not differentially affect the nicotine content of the leaves, but proportionally decreased their reducing sugars content. However, 160 kg N ha -1 applied over a longer period (with the first four irrigations) markedly increased the nicotine content. It is concluded that nitrogen should be liquid fed with the first two irrigations. As DM yield was the same with 70-160 kg N ha-and only fresh yield increased with 160 kg N ha -1, the N rate to be used will be decided on the basis of the desired leaf quality.

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“…The salt tolerance of Oriental tobaccos cultivar Basma grown in a hydroponic system has been associated with the translocation of Na + and Cl into oldest leaves (19). In line with this view, ORPHANOS (24) found that the Cl concentration in flue-cured tobacco cultivar C139, at the flowering stage, linearly increases from the top to the bottom of the plant. High Cl concentrations in the soil water affects N, P and K + uptake, whereas it enhances the assimilation of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , Si 4+ , Mn 2+ and Zi 2+ (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Growth and Water Relations of Sun-cured Tobacco Irrigated with Saline Water

Angelino

Ascione²,

Ruggiero

2003

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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We have investigated the effects of saline irrigation on growth and water relations of two sun-cured tobacco genotypes, Xp102 and Px107, which belong to the Xanthia and Perustitza tobacco ecotypes, respectively. We compared three commercial sea salt concentrations of the irrigation water (0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% w/v) plus a non-salinized control, corresponding to an electrical conductivity (ECw) of 4.4, 8.5, 15.7, 0.5 dS m-1 and osmotic potentials of -0.22, -0.35, -0.73, -0.02 MPa, respectively. The ECsoil increased with the salinity of the irrigation water. At high salinity (1%), the soil where Px107 plants were grown showed a significantly higher salinity compared to the soil of Xp102. For both genotypes, the soil water content increased at increasing salinity and during the growth season. Increasing salinity progressively reduced the leaf turgor pressure and enhanced the cellular osmotic adjustment. The latter resulted to be more pronounced in Px107 compared to Xp102 (0.36 vs. 0.20 MPa). At higher salinity (0.5% and 1%), both genotypes showed reduced leaf surface area, dry matter accumulation, water use, net assimilation rate (NAR) and crop growth rate (CGR). Px107 roots were more sensitive than shoot to salinity (3% reduction per dS m-1) and compared to Xp102 roots, which showed a reduced development only at 1% salinity. Assessment of plant salt tolerance according to the Maas and Hoffman model revealed a slope of 1-2% for both genotypes, indicating that these tobaccos are relatively more salt tolerant compared to other species.

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Distribution of chloride in tobacco laminae and midribs as influenced by the chloride content of the irrigation water

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of Chloride in Irrigation Water on Oriental (Sun-Cured) Tobacco

Effect of Chloride in Irrigation Water on Oriental (Sun-Cured) Tobacco

Nitrogen fertigation of flue-cured tobacco in a Mediterranean environment

Growth and Water Relations of Sun-cured Tobacco Irrigated with Saline Water

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