Distribution of choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive structures in the lamprey brain

Pombal, Manuel A.; Marı́n, Oscar; González, Agustı́n

doi:10.1002/1096-9861(20010226)431:1<105::aid-cne1058>3.0.co;2-p

Cited by 134 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…7C). In agreement with previous findings (Pombal et al, 2001;Le Ray et al, 2003), we have also provided evidence that cholinergic neurons are close to and intermingled with retrogradely labeled pTRG neurons (Cinelli et al, 2013). Together, these findings identify a novel cholinergic modulatory and possibly subsidiary rhythmogenic mechanism within the lamprey respiratory network and motivate further studies on the respiratory role of cholinergic receptors in different animal species.…”

Section: Respiratory Role Of Neurokinins and Acetylcholinesupporting

confidence: 73%

Neural mechanisms underlying respiratory rhythm generation in the lamprey

Bongianni

Mutolo

Cinelli

et al. 2016

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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a b s t r a c tThe isolated brainstem of the adult lamprey spontaneously generates respiratory activity. The paratrigeminal respiratory group (pTRG), the proposed respiratory central pattern generator, has been anatomically and functionally characterized. It is sensitive to opioids, neurokinins and acetylcholine. Excitatory amino acids, but not GABA and glycine, play a crucial role in the respiratory rhythmogenesis. These results are corroborated by immunohistochemical data. While only GABA exerts an important modulatory control on the pTRG, both GABA and glycine markedly influence the respiratory frequency via neurons projecting from the vagal motoneuron region to the pTRG. Noticeably, the removal of GABAergic transmission within the pTRG causes the resumption of rhythmic activity during apnea induced by blockade of glutamatergic transmission. The same result is obtained by microinjections of substance P or nicotine into the pTRG during apnea. The results prompted us to present some considerations on the phylogenesis of respiratory pattern generation. They may also encourage comparative studies on the basic mechanisms underlying respiratory rhythmogenesis of vertebrates.

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Section: Respiratory Role Of Neurokinins and Acetylcholinesupporting

confidence: 73%

Neural mechanisms underlying respiratory rhythm generation in the lamprey

Bongianni

Mutolo

Cinelli

et al. 2016

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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“…Successful purification of ChAT proteins from vertebrates led to the production of antibodies against them. A number of specific ChAT antibodies have made it possible to map immunohistochemically detailed cholinergic systems mainly in mammals (Kimura et al, 1980(Kimura et al, , 1981Eckenstein and Thoenen, 1982) and partly in some nonmammalian vertebrates, including birds (Johnson and Epstein, 1986;Medina and Reiner, 1994), amphibians (Marin et al, 1997), fishes (Tavares and Hasson-Voloch, 1998;Adrio et al, 2000;Anadón et al, 2000;Pérez et al, 2000;Pombal et al, 2001;Mueller et al, 2004), and lizards (Medina et al, 1993). In invertebrates a similar approach has been used to produce antibodies against purified ChAT from invertebrate animals, though limited to animals such as flies (Takagawa and Salvaterra, 1996;Yasuyama et al, 2003), moths (Clark et al, 2005;Torkkeli et al, 2005), and worms (Duerr et al, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

First visualization of cholinergic cells and fibers by immunohistochemistry for choline acetyltransferase of the common type in the optic lobe and peduncle complex of Octopus vulgaris

D'Este

Kimura

Casini

et al. 2008

J of Comparative Neurology

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This study provides the first immunohistochemical evidence visualizing cholinergic octopus neurons containing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the synthetic enzyme of acetylcholine. Because the antiserum applied here was raised against a recombinant protein encoded by exons 7 and 8 of the rat gene for ChAT, and initially used for studies in mammals, to validate antibody specificity for the octopus counterpart enzyme we therefore used three methods. Immunoprecipitation using Pansorbin indicated that immunoreactive octopus brain molecules were capable of synthesizing acetylcholine. Western blot analysis after denatured gel electrophoresis of octopus brain extracts revealed a single band at Ϸ81 kDa. A gel slice containing the 81-kDa protein after native (nondenatured) gel electrophoresis exhibited high ChAT activity. All findings obtained with these three methods clearly indicated that the antiserum effectively recognizes octopus ChAT. The immunohistochemical use of the antiserum in the retina, optic lobe, and its neighboring peduncle complex detected enzyme-containing neuronal cell bodies in only two regions, the cell islands of the optic lobe medulla and the cortical layer of the posterior olfactory lobule. Immunoreactive fibers and probable nerve terminals were also found in the plexiform layer of the deep retina, within the stroma of the optic gland, and the neuropils of the optic lobe, peduncle lobe, and olfactory lobe. These results provide information on the morphology and distribution patterns of cholinergic neurons in the octopus visual system, a useful invertebrate model for learning and memory where the cholinergic system, as in higher vertebrates including mammals, plays an important role.

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“…The AB144P ChAT antibody was used here on salamander, rat, and human tissue. It is widely used to label cholinergic neurons in many species, including salamanders (5, 7, 59), lampreys (36,63,64), and human (65). Alternatively, the LS-C41821 ChAT antibody was also used on rat tissue because of a better signal-to-noise ratio.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A descending dopamine pathway conserved from basal vertebrates to mammals

Ryczko

Cone

Alpert

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

104

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Dopamine neurons are classically known to modulate locomotion indirectly through ascending projections to the basal ganglia that project down to brainstem locomotor networks. Their loss in Parkinson's disease is devastating. In lampreys, we recently showed that brainstem networks also receive direct descending dopaminergic inputs that potentiate locomotor output. Here, we provide evidence that this descending dopaminergic pathway is conserved to higher vertebrates, including mammals. In salamanders, dopamine neurons projecting to the striatum or brainstem locomotor networks were partly intermingled. Stimulation of the dopaminergic region evoked dopamine release in brainstem locomotor networks and concurrent reticulospinal activity. In rats, some dopamine neurons projecting to the striatum also innervated the pedunculopontine nucleus, a known locomotor center, and stimulation of the dopaminergic region evoked pedunculopontine dopamine release in vivo. Finally, we found dopaminergic fibers in the human pedunculopontine nucleus. The conservation of a descending dopaminergic pathway across vertebrates warrants re-evaluating dopamine's role in locomotion.D opaminergic neurons represent a vital neuromodulatory component essential for vertebrate motor control, and their loss in neurodegenerative disease is devastating. The meso-diencephalic dopamine (DA) neurons are known to provide ascending projections to the basal ganglia, which, in turn, provide input to cortical structure in mammals but also project caudally to the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR), a highly conserved structure that controls locomotion in all vertebrates investigated to date (1-7; for review, see ref. 8). A growing body of evidence supports the view that basal ganglia connectivity is highly conserved among vertebrates, from lampreys to mammals (9-11; for review, see ref. 12), with some interspecies differences recently highlighted (13). As such, the homology between DA cell populations remains to be resolved in vertebrates. As a general rule, DA neurons from the meso-diencephalon send projections to the striatum in all vertebrates. In lampreys and teleosts, those neurons are located only in the diencephalon (posterior tuberculum), but in tetrapods and cartilaginous fishes (14) they are located in both the diencephalon and the mesencephalon. An increasing number of authors seem to agree with the hypothesis that at least some of the mesodiencephalic DA neurons located in the diencephalon are homologous in all vertebrates, and thus, homologous to at least a portion of the mammalian substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc)/ ventral tegmental area (VTA) (13, 15-19; for review, see ref. 20). Alternatively, it was suggested that the posterior tuberculum DA neurons projecting to the striatum in zebrafish are homologs of the mammalian DA neurons of the A11 group (21). This will be discussed below in light of the results of the present study.In lampreys, only a few meso-diencephalic DA neurons send ascending projections to the striatum (9, 22); the majority ...

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Distribution of choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive structures in the lamprey brain

Cited by 134 publications

References 126 publications

Neural mechanisms underlying respiratory rhythm generation in the lamprey

Neural mechanisms underlying respiratory rhythm generation in the lamprey

First visualization of cholinergic cells and fibers by immunohistochemistry for choline acetyltransferase of the common type in the optic lobe and peduncle complex of Octopus vulgaris

A descending dopamine pathway conserved from basal vertebrates to mammals

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