Distribution of cholinergic neurons and fibers in the hypothalamus of the rat using choline acetyltransferase as a marker

Rao, Zhi Ren; Yamano, Mariko; Wanaka, Akio; Tatehata, Tomohiro; Shiosaka, Sadao; Tohyama, Masaya

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(87)90253-3

Cited by 71 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…If endogenous ACh normally participates in the regulation of PF LH synapses, then cholinergic inputs should be detectable in mouse LH (Rao et al, 1987;Tago et al, 1987;Woolf, 1991;Oh et al, 1992). Visualization of immunoreactivity for VAT demonstrated positive staining in fiber-like structures throughout the LH (Fig.…”

Section: Cholinergic Projections Within the Lhmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In another series of experiments, we used high-frequency extracellular stimulation (50 Hz) of the LH area that includes cholinergic cell groups (Fig. 3) (Rao et al, 1987;Tago et al, 1987;Woolf, 1991;Oh et al, 1992). In all cases, GABAergic transmission was isolated by inclusion of glutamate receptor blockers (see Materials and Methods).…”

Section: Facilitation Of Spontaneous and Evoked Gabaergic Transmissiomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cholinergic Modulation of Appetite-Related Synapses in Mouse Lateral Hypothalamic Slice

Jo¹,

Wiedl²,

Role³

2005

J. Neurosci.

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Nicotine administration reduces appetite and alters feeding patterns; a major deterrent to smoking cessation is hyperphagia and resultant weight gain. We demonstrate here that lateral hypothalamic (LH) circuits involving melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons are subject to cholinergic modulation that may be related to the effects of nicotine on appetite control. Cholinergic input to the perifornical LH area of the mouse is confirmed by examination of immunostaining for vesicular acetylcholine (

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Section: Cholinergic Projections Within the Lhmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Facilitation Of Spontaneous and Evoked Gabaergic Transmissiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinergic Modulation of Appetite-Related Synapses in Mouse Lateral Hypothalamic Slice

Jo¹,

Wiedl²,

Role³

2005

J. Neurosci.

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“…Immunocytochemical data about the localization of hypothalamic neurons containing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were controversial when we started the present study. The controversy was as to the existence of a cholinergic pathway originating in the arcuate nucleus (Rodriguez-Sierra & Morley, 1985;Rao, Yamano, Wanaka, Tatehata, Shiosakas & Tohyama, 1987;Tago, McGeer, Bruce & Hersch, 1987). Very recently, however, Tinner, Fuxe, Kohler, Hersch, Andersson, Jansson, Goldstein & Agnati (1989) showed the co-existence of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and ChAT in the cells innervating the IL of the rat.…”

Section: Functional Significance Ofach In the Pars Intermediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in porcine hypophyseal intermediate lobe cells.

Zhang

Feltz

1990

The Journal of Physiology

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3. ACh-evoked responses were blocked by d-tubocurarine (d-TC), hexamethonium and mecamylamine, but were insensitive to a-bungarotoxin. These characteristics define a neuronal type of nicotinic receptors.4. The whole-cell current induced by ACh showed a strong inward rectification with no outward current being obtained. This phenomenon was observed when the intracellular ion is either sodium or caesium, and even when Ca2+ and Mg2+ were totally removed from the intracellular medium.5. ACh-gated channels in intermediate lobe cells were cation selective and were permeable to Na+ and Cs+. In Ca2+-free extracellular solution, single-channel conductances were much larger (46 pS) than in the presence of 2 mM-Ca2+ (26 pS).6. The possibility of an excitatory cholinergic control of intermediate lobe cells is discussed.

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“…These include such classical transmitters as glutamate (18), acetylcholine (29), and norepinephrine (16) as well as neuropeptides like corticotrophin-releasing factor, met-enkephalin, and angiotensin II (ANG II) (14,23,27). Although many candidate sources of excitation are present in the PVN, this study focused on the role of ANG II in the response to removal of GABAergic inhibition.…”

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confidence: 99%

Responses to GABA-A receptor blockade in the hypothalamic PVN are attenuated by local AT₁ receptor antagonism

Chen

Toney

2003

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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(PVN) has been repeatedly shown to increase arterial blood pressure (ABP), heart rate (HR), and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), but the mechanism(s) that underlies this response has not been determined. Here, we tested whether full expression of the response requires activation of local ANG II AT 1 receptors. ABP, HR, and renal SNA responses to PVN microinjection of bicuculline methobromide (BIC; 0.1 nmol) were recorded before and after microinjection of vehicle (saline); losartan (or L-158809), to block local AT 1 receptors; or PD123319, to block AT2 receptors. After PVN microinjection of vehicle or PD123319 (10 nmol), BIC significantly (P Ͻ 0.05) increased mean arterial pressure (MAP), HR, and renal SNA. However, PVN microinjection of 2 and 20 nmol of losartan dose dependently reduced responses to PVN-injected BIC, with the 20-nmol dose nearly abolishing MAP (P Ͻ 0.005), HR (P Ͻ 0.05), and renal SNA (P Ͻ 0.005) responses. Another AT 1 receptor antagonist, L-158809 (10 nmol), produced similar effects. Neither losartan nor L-158809 altered baseline parameters. Responses to PVN injection of BIC were unchanged by losartan (20 nmol) given intravenously or into the PVN on the opposite side. MAP, HR, and renal SNA responses to PVN microinjection of L-glutamate (10 nmol) were unaffected by PVN injection of losartan (20 nmol), indicating that effects of losartan were not due to nonspecific depression of neuronal excitability. We conclude that pressor, tachycardic, and renal sympathoexcitatory responses to acute blockade of GABA-A receptors in the PVN depend on activation of local AT 1 receptors. bicuculline methobromide; angiotensin II; sympathetic nerve activity; arterial pressure; paraventricular nucleus ␥-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA) is the dominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. One region where GABA plays a key role in regulating cardiovascular function is the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Here, GABAergic terminals account for nearly 50% of all synapses (10), and ongoing GABAergic activity results in a high level of functional inhibitory "tone." The latter is evident from numerous studies in which local GABA-A receptor blockade has been shown to produce dramatic increases in arterial blood pressure (ABP), heart rate (HR), and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in conscious and anesthetized rats (24,25,38,39).The fact that acute blockade of GABA-A receptors in the PVN produces prompt cardiovascular and autonomic responses indicates that a source of excitation is also present that is capable of increasing action potential discharge in PVN autonomic neurons. This is the case, because inhibition of neuronal discharge by GABA-A receptor activation results from membrane hyperpolarization caused by an increase in Cl Ϫ conductance through the GABA-A receptor channel (12). Consequently, GABA-A receptor blockade by itself only reduces membrane Cl Ϫ conductance and thus only removes GABA-mediated membrane hyperpolarization. In the absence of convergent excitation, GABA-A receptor blockade wou...

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Distribution of cholinergic neurons and fibers in the hypothalamus of the rat using choline acetyltransferase as a marker

Cited by 71 publications

References 27 publications

Cholinergic Modulation of Appetite-Related Synapses in Mouse Lateral Hypothalamic Slice

Cholinergic Modulation of Appetite-Related Synapses in Mouse Lateral Hypothalamic Slice

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in porcine hypophyseal intermediate lobe cells.

Responses to GABA-A receptor blockade in the hypothalamic PVN are attenuated by local AT₁ receptor antagonism

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Distribution of cholinergic neurons and fibers in the hypothalamus of the rat using choline acetyltransferase as a marker

Cited by 71 publications

References 27 publications

Cholinergic Modulation of Appetite-Related Synapses in Mouse Lateral Hypothalamic Slice

Cholinergic Modulation of Appetite-Related Synapses in Mouse Lateral Hypothalamic Slice

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in porcine hypophyseal intermediate lobe cells.

Responses to GABA-A receptor blockade in the hypothalamic PVN are attenuated by local AT1 receptor antagonism

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Responses to GABA-A receptor blockade in the hypothalamic PVN are attenuated by local AT₁ receptor antagonism