Distribution of chromium within cells of the blood

Coogan, Timothy P.; Squibb, Katherine S.; Motz, Joan; Kinney, Patrick L.; Costa, Max

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(91)90279-n

Cited by 53 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As the Cr VI causes the oxidative stress in cells of organs and tissues if it accumulates in the formed elements of blood and already in them it is recovering in the Cr III. [10][11][12][13][14][15] We believe that the main pathogenetic mechanism of influence of this chemical element is the development of hemolytic anemia and as a consequence of hypoxia of oxidative stress that prove the results of our investigation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…21 In addition, the absorption of Cr VI by erythrocytes reduces their life expectancy and leads to the development of anemia. 18 The generally accepted point of view, that at the basis of toxico kinetics and toxicodynamics the Cr VI is its absorption of formed elements of the blood [10][11][12][13][14][15] and the development of oxidative stress in cells of organs and tissues, due to the reduction in Cr V, IV, III with occurrence of active oxygen species, which cause damage of cellular proteins, lipids and DNA. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] List of publications, where this viewpoint is a major, can be continued.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cr VI soluble compounds are absorbed in the blood by erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and only a small amount is associates with plasma proteins. [10][11][12][13][14][15] On the first day of exposure, 60-65% Cr VI is absorbed by erythrocytes, to ten days, this connection increases to 80%. 16,17 In erythrocytes the Cr (VI) strongly communicates with the betachain of hemoglobin 18 and blocks in them erythrocytic 6-GPD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Influence of Soluble Chemical Compounds of Hexavalent Chromium of Outbreed Male Rats Causes Hemolytic Anemia: Randomized Experimental Research

Zarishnyak¹

2015

MOJT

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Influence of Soluble Chemical Compounds of Hexavalent Chromium of Outbreed Male Rats Causes Hemolytic Anemia: Randomized Experimental Research

Zarishnyak¹

2015

MOJT

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“…The ex vivo monitoring of Cr species at the target organ level is important in occupational toxicology, because the measurement of total Cr in white and red blood cells [9] can only give information concerning systemic levels, which however reflect only exposure to soluble Cr(VI) and are influenced by absorption from all routes, including dermal exposure. Similar information can be obtained from Cr in urine, where Cr is completely reduced to the trivalent state [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of hexavalent chromium in exhaled breath condensate and environmental air among chrome plating workers

Goldoni

Caglieri

Poli

et al. 2006

Analytica Chimica Acta

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Chromium speciation has attracted attention because of the different toxicity of Cr(III), which is considered relatively non-toxic, and Cr(VI), which can cross cell membranes mainly as a chromate anion and has been classified as a class I human carcinogen. The aims of the present study were to measure soluble Cr(VI) levels in environmental samples, to develop a simple method of quantifying Cr(VI) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and to follow the kinetics of EBC Cr(VI) in chrome plating workers.Personal air samples were collected from 10 chrome platers; EBC was collected from the same workers immediately after the work shift on Tuesday and before the work shift on the following Wednesday. Environmental and EBC Cr(VI) levels were determined by means of colorimetry and electrothermal absorption atomic spectrometry, respectively.The method of detecting Cr(VI) in environmental air was based on the extraction of the Cr(VI)-diphenylcarbazide (Cr(VI)-DPC) complex in 1-butanol, whereas EBC Cr(VI) was determined using a solvent extraction of Cr(VI) as an ion pair with tetrabutylammonium ion, and subsequent direct determination of the complex (Cr(VI)-DPC) in EBC.Kinetic data showed that airborne Cr(VI) was reduced by 50% in airway lining fluid sampled at the end of exposure and that there was a further 50% reduction after about 15 h. The persistence of Cr (VI) in EBC supports the use of EBC in assessing target tissue levels of Cr(VI).

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“…In F344 rats exposed to potassium chromate in drinking water (100 or 200 ppm for 3 weeks), increases in DNA-protein cross-links, an end point of Cr-induced genotoxicity, were detected in liver but not splenic lymphocytes (Coogan et al 1991). However, DNA-protein cross-links were detected in isolated splenic lymphocytes exposed for 2 hr in vitro to 100 mM potassium chromate.…”

Section: Evidence Of Genotoxicity In Rodents Following Oral Exposurementioning

confidence: 83%

Mechanistic Insights from the NTP Studies of Chromium

et al. 2013

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Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a contaminant of water and soil and is a human lung carcinogen. Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)), a proposed essential element, is ingested by humans in the diet and in dietary supplements such as chromium picolinate (CP). The National Toxicology Program (NTP) demonstrated that Cr(VI) is also carcinogenic in rodents when administered in drinking water as sodium dichromate dihydrate (SDD), inducing neoplasms of the oral cavity and small intestine in rats and mice, respectively. In contrast, there was no definitive evidence of toxicity or carcinogenicity following exposure to Cr(III) administered in feed as CP monohydrate (CPM). Cr(VI) readily enters cells via nonspecific anion channels, in contrast to Cr(III), which cannot easily pass through the cell membrane. Extracellular reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), which occurs primarily in the stomach, is considered a mechanism of detoxification, while intracellular reduction is thought to be a mechanism of genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Tissue distribution studies in additional groups of male rats and female mice demonstrated higher Cr concentrations in tissues following exposure to Cr(VI) compared to controls and Cr(III) exposure at a similar external dose, indicating that some of the Cr(VI) escaped gastric reduction and was distributed systemically. The multiple potential pathways of Cr-induced genotoxicity will be discussed.

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Distribution of chromium within cells of the blood

Cited by 53 publications

References 26 publications

The Influence of Soluble Chemical Compounds of Hexavalent Chromium of Outbreed Male Rats Causes Hemolytic Anemia: Randomized Experimental Research

The Influence of Soluble Chemical Compounds of Hexavalent Chromium of Outbreed Male Rats Causes Hemolytic Anemia: Randomized Experimental Research

Determination of hexavalent chromium in exhaled breath condensate and environmental air among chrome plating workers

Mechanistic Insights from the NTP Studies of Chromium

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