“…The mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii are very complex, mainly involving the expression of active efflux pumps; changes in antibiotics targets; production of inactive enzymes; and reduction, deficiency, and mutation of outer membrane proteins (Lee et al, 2017). Overexpression of efflux pumps can decrease the accumulation of drugs and may be among the main mechanisms inducing A. baumannii multidrug resistance (Lin, Lin, Tu, & Lan, 2017;Yoon et al, 2015). To date, three Acinetobacter drug efflux (Ade) resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) systems, AdeABC (Magnet, Courvalin, & Lambert, 2001), AdeFGH (Coyne, Rosenfeld, Lambert, Courvalin, & Périchon, 2010), and AdeIJK (Damier-Piolle et al, 2008), have been characterized in A. baumannii.…”