Distribution of different regions of cardiac neural crest in the extrinsic and the intrinsic cardiac nervous system

Verberne, Marlies E.; Groot, Adriana C. Gittenberger‐de; Iperen, Liesbeth van; Poelmann, Robert E.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0177(200002)217:2<191::aid-dvdy6>3.0.co;2-x

Cited by 40 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Tgf␤2 is expressed in the common bundle and the bundle branches of the developing conduction system, but the expression does not overlap with Tgf␤1 or -␤3 at any stage. Retroviral lacZ tracing of neural crest cells in the chicken embryo has shown that these areas are populated by neural crest cells (Poelmann and Gittenberger-de Groot, 1999;Verberne et al, 2000). Recently, a similar colocalisation of neural crest cells and the conduction system was found in the Wnt1 neural crest reporter mouse (Gittenberger-de Groot et al, 2003), providing a second link between the location of Tgf␤2 expression and the development of the conduction system.…”

Section: Myocardiummentioning

confidence: 88%

Expression patterns of Tgfβ1–3 associate with myocardialisation of the outflow tract and the development of the epicardium and the fibrous heart skeleton

Molin

Bartram

Heiden

et al. 2003

Developmental Dynamics

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Transforming growth factor-beta (Tgf␤) is essential for normal embryogenesis. The cardiac phenotypes obtained after knockout of each of the three mammalian isoforms suggest different roles during morphogenesis. We studied cardiovascular expression of Tgf␤1-3 in parallel tissue sections of normal mouse embryos from 9.5 to 15.5 days post coitum (dpc) by using radioactive in situ hybridisation. The Tgf␤ isoforms are differentially expressed in unique and in overlapping patterns during cardiovascular development. In the vessels, Tgf␤1 is found in the intima, whereas Tgf␤2 and -␤3 are mainly present in the media and adventitia of the great arteries. Tgf␤1 is present in the endocardium at all stages examined. The Tgf␤2 signal in the endocardium of the atrioventricular canal and outflow tract (9.5 dpc) shifts during epithelial-mesenchymal transformation toward the mesenchymal cushions (10.5-11.5 dpc) after which it exhibits a marked spatiotemporal expression pattern as the cushion differentiation progresses (11.5-15.5 dpc). The myocardium underlying the endocardial cushions and the atrial muscular septum are intensely positive for Tgf␤2 at early stages (9.5-11.5 dpc) and expression decreases at 12.5 days. In contrast to earlier reports, we find marked overlap of Tgf␤2 and -␤3 expression. Tgf␤3 expression shows a characteristic distribution in the mesenchymal cushions, suggesting a role in cushion differentiation, possibly additional to Tgf␤2. From 14.5 dpc onward, a strong Tgf␤3 signal is found in the fibrous septum primum of the atrium and in the fibrous skeleton of the heart. Special attention was paid to the proepicardial organ and its derivatives. The proepicardial organ strongly expresses Tgf␤2 as early as 9.5 days, and all isoforms are present in the epicardium from 12.5 dpc onward. The spatiotemporal cardiovascular expression of Tgf␤1-3 supports both specific and complementary functions during cardiovascular development that might explain functional redundancy between the Tgf␤-isoforms. The information provided favors novel roles of Tgf␤1-3 in epicardial development, of Tgf␤2 in myocardialisation, and of Tgf␤3 in differentiation of the fibrous structures of the heart. Developmental Dynamics 227: 431-444, 2003.

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Section: Myocardiummentioning

confidence: 88%

Expression patterns of Tgfβ1–3 associate with myocardialisation of the outflow tract and the development of the epicardium and the fibrous heart skeleton

Molin

Bartram

Heiden

et al. 2003

Developmental Dynamics

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“…Hirakow (1987), Ogawa (1952), and Shinozaki (1929-1930 also described this feature and suggested a relationship with the shift in the left ventricle from a left-lateral to ventral position. In addition, a series of embryological researches by Verberne et al (1998Verberne et al ( , 2000aVerberne et al ( , 2000b) revealed much about autonomic nerve differentiations from the neural crest using the chick embryo. In their papers, they showed a difference in distribution between the rightand left-sided cardiac neural crest cells at the arterial pole and ventral cardiac plexus, whereas the right and left cardiac neural crest cells mixed in the dorsal cardiac plexus.…”

Section: Parasympathetic Cardiac Branchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The autonomic nervous system of the human heart with special reference to its origin, course, and peripheral distribution

2005

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A submacroscopic anatomical investigation of the entire autonomic cardiac nervous system, from origin to peripheral distribution, was performed by examining 36 sides of 18 adult human cadavers under a stereomicroscope. The following new results and points of discussion were obtained: (1) The superior cervical, the middle cervical, the vertebral, and the cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglia, composed of the inferior cervical and 1st thoracic ganglia, were mostly consistent among the specimens. (2) The superior, middle, and inferior cardiac nerves innervated the heart by simply following the descent of the great arteries. In contrast, the thoracic cardiac nerve in the posterior mediastinum followed a complex course because of the long distance to the middle mediastinum. (3) The actual course of the right thoracic cardiac nerve differed from that of the previous descriptions in that it ascended obliquely or ran transversely to the vertebrae, regardless of the intercostal vessels. Regarding the right thoracic cardiac nerve, two descending courses were observed: the descent of the right thoracic cardiac nerve via the azygos vein and right venous porta, and the descent of the recurrent right thoracic cardiac nerve via the aorta. (4) The cranial cardiac nerve and branch tended to distribute into the heart medially, and the caudal cardiac nerve and branch tended to distribute into the heart laterally. (5) The mixing positions (cardiac plexus) of the sympathetic cardiac nerve and the vagal cardiac branch, as well as the definitive morphology of brachial arteries with the recurrent laryngeal nerves, tended to differ on both sides. These new and detailed anatomical descriptions of the human autonomic cardiac nervous system may provide important clues regarding the morphogenesis of autonomic cardiac nerves in addition to contributing to the improvement of cardiac surgery.

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“…Migration of NCC into the respective endocardial cushions is probably instrumental in several developmental processes in which the endocardial mesenchyme and the myocardium are also involved. A further subset of NCC migrates into the subepicardial space and differentiates into the cardiac peripheral nervous system (Verberne et al 2000).…”

Section: Cell Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis in cardiac development

et al. 2000

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Cell degeneration, as a phenomenon accompanying developmental processes, was originally described over a century ago. Apoptosis, a term introduced approximately three decades ago, has occupied investigators particularly with respect to cell and tissue kinetics, emphasizing its role in the disposal of supernumerary, malinstructed or damaged cells. Although apoptosis is mostly related to developmental processes, evidence has been gathered indicating that it may also perform other roles. In this review, which concentrates on cardiac development, we examine focal apoptosis and subsequent signal cascades in combination with timed morphogenetic events. Apoptosis mainly occurs in the non-myocardial compartment of the embryonic heart, a compartment that consists of cells derived from the endocardium, the epicardium and the neural crest. The last-mentioned population invades the outflow tract and the atrioventricular endocardial cushions. The signalling cascade seems to involve the activation of latent transforming growth factor beta, resulting in cardiomyocyte migration and subsequent myocardialization of the endocardial cushions. Aberrant apoptosis accompanies cardiac anomalies. Furthermore, an apoptotic population is found surrounding the developing conduction system. A possible role for differentiation is suggested.

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Distribution of different regions of cardiac neural crest in the extrinsic and the intrinsic cardiac nervous system

Cited by 40 publications

References 34 publications

Expression patterns of Tgfβ1–3 associate with myocardialisation of the outflow tract and the development of the epicardium and the fibrous heart skeleton

Expression patterns of Tgfβ1–3 associate with myocardialisation of the outflow tract and the development of the epicardium and the fibrous heart skeleton

The autonomic nervous system of the human heart with special reference to its origin, course, and peripheral distribution

Apoptosis in cardiac development

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