Distribution of digestive enzymes among the endo- and ectoperitrophic spaces and midgut cells of Rhynchosciara and its physiological significance

Terra, Walter R.; Ferreira, Clélia; Bianchi, A.G. de

doi:10.1016/s0022-1910(79)80007-4

Cited by 220 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The electron-opaque vesicles are similar in size and distribution to organelles which have been documented in the midguts of termites (Bignell et al, 1982) and flies (Lehane, 1976) (Berridge, 1970;Bignell et al, 1982;Turunen, 1985;Espinoza-Fuentes et al, 1987;Schneider et al, 1987 (Terra et al, 1979(Terra et al, , 1985. The establishment of these compartments occurs in the honey bee midgut, as it does in many insects, when the epithelial tissue secretes the peritrophic membrane.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Age-related changes in midgut ultrastructure and trypsin activity in the honey bee, Apis mellifera

Jimenez¹,

Gilliam²

1989

Apidologie

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Summary — Trypsin-like activity was detected in the epithelial tissue, in the fluid of the ectoperitrophic space, and within the endoperitrophic space of the midgut of adult worker honey bees, Apis mellifera. It was highest in free-flying bees and in caged bees fed pollen. Lower levels occurred in caged bees restricted to sucrose syrup or fed sucrose syrup in addition to either Beltsville Bee Diet or egg albumin. Levels of midgut trypsin activity were dependent on the amount of protein diet consumed. Both diet consumption and trypsin-like activity decreased as the bees aged. Ultrastructural changes in the midgut tissue accompanied this decline in enzymatic activity. In five-day-old pollen-feeding bees, the apical cytoplasm of cells in the posterior midgut contained numerous electronopaque vesicles, and the brush border in the crypts of the distal midgut was composed of short pleomorphic microvilli. Apical discharge from the midgut cells released the opaque vesicles into the midgut lumen. However, in 30-day-old field bees, the number of opaque vesicles and the microvesiculation of the brush border were reduced. Thus, the presence of the endogenously produced endoprotease and the regional variation in cell ultrastructure suggest that the honey bee may rely on countercurrent flow to distribute enzymes and nutrients efficiently throughout the midgut. Apis mellifera— midgut ultrastructure -enzymatic activity -trypsin -age

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Age-related changes in midgut ultrastructure and trypsin activity in the honey bee, Apis mellifera

Jimenez¹,

Gilliam²

1989

Apidologie

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“…aegypti (Clements, 1992). This proteinaceous matrix is clearly non-cellular and most likely comprises the ectoperitrophic fluid, which is known to have an important role in insect digestion (Terra and Ferreira, 1981;Terra et al, 1979). Both vitally and as a result of fixation, there are areas along the midgut where the PM lies very close to the epithelial cells.…”

Section: Ectoperitrophic Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and characterization of AgCA9, a novel α-carbonic anhydrase from Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu stricto (Diptera:Culicidae) larvae

Smith

VanEkeris

Linser

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Mosquito larvae generate a luminal pH as high as 10.5 in the anterior region of their midgut. The mechanisms responsible for the generation and maintenance of this alkaline pH are largely unknown, but there is evidence suggesting a role for the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA). CA has been cloned from the alimentary canal epithelium of Anopheles gambiae larvae and can generate bicarbonate, which is implicated as a buffer for the larval lumen. The question remains as to how the bicarbonate is transported from the cells into the lumen. We hypothesize the presence of a CA within the lumen itself to generate bicarbonate from CO2 produced by the metabolically active alimentary canal cells. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of a novel cytoplasmic-type α-CA from the larval An. gambiae alimentary canal. Antibody immunolocalization reveals a unique protein distribution pattern that includes the ectoperitrophic fluid,`transitional region' of the alimentary canal, Malpighian tubules and a subset of cells in the dorsal anterior region of the rectum. Localization of this CA within the lumen of the alimentary canal may be a key to larval pH regulation,while detection within the rectum reveals a novel subset of cells in An. gambiae not described to date. Phylogenetic analysis of members of theα-CA family from the Homo sapiens, Drosophila melanogaster, Aedes aegypti and An. gambiae genomes shows a clustering of the novel CA with Homo sapiens CAs but not with other insect CAs. Finally, a universal system for naming newly cloned An. gambiae CAs is suggested.

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“…Zymogram of α-and β-glucosidases and α-and β-galactosidases in the digestive system of the last larval instar of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus α-glu -α-glucosidase; β-glu -β-glucosidase; β-gala -β-galactosidase; α-gala -α-galactosidase Two and three major bands for α-and β-glucosidases and one major band for α-and β-galactosidases were detected at different protein concentrations (1.83, 1.22, and 0.61 mg/ml) of β-glucosidase and α-galactosidase were very low in the digestive system of larvae, females and males. The ratio of β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase was reported as 88.5 in Rhynchosciara americana Wiedemann (Diptera: Sciaridae) (Terra et al 1979), 105 in Stomoxys calcitrans (Deloach & Spotes 1984), 58 in the midgut tissue of Rhodnius prolixus (Terra et al 1988), and 2.5 in C. maculates (Gatehouse et al 1985). Also, in D. peruvianus, the β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase ratio in the midgut tissue was 28.7, but in the whole midgut (epithelium plus luminal contents) the ratio was 3.0, suggesting a major contribution of β-galactosidase activity by the seed meal present in the gut lumen (Silva & Terra 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical characterisation of α- and β-glucosidases and α- and β-galactosidases from red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Col.: Curculionide)

Riseh¹,

Ghadamyari²,

Motamediniya³

2012

Plant Prot. Sci.

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Riseh N.S., Ghadamyari M., Motamediniya B. (2012): Biochemical characterisation of α-and β-glucosidases and α-and β-galactosidases from red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Col.: Curculionide). Plant Protect. Sci., 48: 85-93.The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), is one of the most destructive pests of palm trees in the southeast of Iran. Digestion in the alimentary canal of the red palm weevil is facilitated by some carbohydrases. Results of the in vitro studies indicated the presence of α-and β-glucosidases and α-and β-galactosidases in the digestive system and haemolymph of this pest. In the digestive system of females, the activities of α-glucosidase and β-galactosidase were higher than those of β-glucosidase and α-galactosidase. Also, the specific activity of α-and β-glucosidases and α-and β-galactosidases in the female digestive system was much higher than that in larvae. Results showed that the highest activities of α-and β-glucosidases were at pH 5 and of α-and β-galactosidases at pH 4. The R. ferrugineus α-and β-glucosidases and α-and β-galactosidases have an optimum temperature activity at 50, 50-60, 40-60, and 40°C, respectively. A zymogram pattern in the native gel revealed that R. ferrugineus α-and β-glucosidases and α-and β-galactosidases in the digestive system showed 2, 3, 1 and 1 major bands, respectively. The activity of α-glucosidase in the digestive system of larvae and female adults was higher than that of the other carbohydrases. Therefore, it is the most important subject for further study and design of a new approach to the control of this pest using carbohydrase inhibitors.

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Distribution of digestive enzymes among the endo- and ectoperitrophic spaces and midgut cells of Rhynchosciara and its physiological significance

Cited by 220 publications

References 25 publications

Age-related changes in midgut ultrastructure and trypsin activity in the honey bee, Apis mellifera

Age-related changes in midgut ultrastructure and trypsin activity in the honey bee, Apis mellifera

Cloning and characterization of AgCA9, a novel α-carbonic anhydrase from Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu stricto (Diptera:Culicidae) larvae

Biochemical characterisation of α- and β-glucosidases and α- and β-galactosidases from red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Col.: Curculionide)

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