Distribution of disinfectant resistance genes qacA/B in clinical isolates of meticillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in one Belgrade hospital

Opačić, Dolores; Lepsanovic, Zorica; Sbutega-Milosevic, Gorica

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2010.04.019

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A similar distribution was observed in a comparison of the MRSA and MSSA populations (see Table S2 in the supplemental material), except for sepA and qacAB, which were more prevalent among MRSA isolates (P ϭ 0.0137 and Ͻ0.0001, respectively). Although qacAB has commonly been reported among MRSA isolates (1,3,24,25), no direct relation was described between methicillin resistance and qacAB prevalence (26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

High Prevalence of Biocide Resistance Determinants in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Three African Countries

Conceição

Coelho

Lencastre

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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We assessed the prevalence of six biocide resistance genes among 82 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 219 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates from three African countries; the prevalence was very high for sepA (95.3%), mepA (89.4%), and norA (86.4%), intermediate for lmrS (60.8%) and qacAB (40.5%), and low for smr (3.7%). A significant association between biocide resistance genes and antibiotic resistance was observed, and a new cutoff MIC of ≥1 mg/liter for chlorhexidine nonsusceptibility was defined.

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mentioning

confidence: 97%

High Prevalence of Biocide Resistance Determinants in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Three African Countries

Conceição

Coelho

Lencastre

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…The reported prevalence of qac A/B genes in MRSA isolates varies across different geographic areas, from 0.9% in the USA [25] to 83.3% in Malaysia [26] (reviewed in [12]). MSSA isolates show a qac A/B prevalence of 2-12% [27][28][29]. As already mentioned, these differences may result from diverse decolonization and prevention policies and different protocols for CHG use, among other factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Susceptibility to Chlorhexidine among Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Israel: Phenotypic and Genotypic Tolerance

et al. 2021

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Antiseptic use for body decolonization is the main activity applied to prevent healthcare-associated infections, including those caused by S. aureus. Consequentially, tolerance to several antiseptics such as chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) has developed. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CHG tolerance among S. aureus strains in Israel and to evaluate factors that may affect this tolerance. Furthermore, it tested the associations between phenotypic and genotypic CHG tolerance. S. aureus strains (n = 190) were isolated from clinical samples of patients admitted to various medical institutions in Israel. Phenotypic susceptibility to CHG was assessed by determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Genotypic tolerance was detected using real-time PCR for detection of qac A/B genes. MIC for the antibiotic mupirocin was determined using the Etest method. Presence of the Panton–Valentine Leucocidin (pvl) toxin, mecA and mecC genes was detected using an eazyplex® MRSAplus kit (AmplexDiagnostics GmbH, Gars, Germany). CHG tolerance was observed in 13.15% of the isolates. An association between phenotypic and genotypic tolerance to CHG was observed. Phenotypic tolerance to CHG was associated with methicillin resistance but not with mupirocin resistance. Additionally, most of the CHG-tolerant strains were isolated from blood cultures. In conclusion, this work shed light on the prevalence of reduced susceptibility to CHG among S. aureus strains in Israel and on the characteristics of tolerant strains. CHG-tolerant strains were more common than methicillin-resistant ones in samples from invasive infections. Further research should be performed to evaluate risk factors for the development of CHG tolerance.

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“…44 Beberapa studi mengatakan bahwa gen qacA, qacB dan qacC/D atau staphylococcal multidrug resistance (smr) adalah gen yang menyebabkan berkurangnya sensitivitas bakteri MRSA terhadap antiseptik tertentu. [44][45][46] Gen qacA dan qacB berkaitan sangat erat sehingga hasil pemeriksaan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) seringkali berupa positif atau negatif qacA/B. 45 Diketahui bahwa gen smr berkaitan dengan penurunan sensitivitas terhadap Quaternary Ammonium Cation (QAC) sementara qacA/B berkaitan dengan penurunan sensitivitas terhadap biguanide.…”

Section: Diskusiunclassified

“…[44][45][46] Gen qacA dan qacB berkaitan sangat erat sehingga hasil pemeriksaan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) seringkali berupa positif atau negatif qacA/B. 45 Diketahui bahwa gen smr berkaitan dengan penurunan sensitivitas terhadap Quaternary Ammonium Cation (QAC) sementara qacA/B berkaitan dengan penurunan sensitivitas terhadap biguanide. 45,46 Penelitian mengenai resistensi bakteri MRSA yang memiliki gen qacA/B dan smr melaporkan hasil yang bervariasi.…”

Section: Diskusiunclassified

Kajian Literatur: Efektivitas Antiseptik Yang Mengandung Chlorhexidine Gluconate Terhadap Bakteri MRSA

Hakiman

Suharti

Bahar

2022

JIKESI

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Latar Belakang: Chlorhexidine gluconate merupakan antiseptik yang sering digunakan untuk mencegah penyebaran infeksi karena luasnya cakupan antiseptik tersebut dalam membunuh bakteri. Antiseptik ini juga sering digunakan untuk mencegah penyebaran infeksi beberapa bakteri MDRO, salah satunya bakteri MRSA. Akan tetapi, seringnya penggunaan antiseptik tersebut dikhawatirkan dapat meningkatkan resistensi bakteri MRSA terhadap chlorhexidine gluconate. Objektif: Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas antiseptik dengan kandungan chlorhexidine gluconate terhadap bakteri strain MRSA. Metode: Kajian literatur naratif ini menggunakan artikel hasil pencarian Google Scholar dan PubMed dengan kata kunci “Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus”, “MRSA”, “Anti-Infective Agents, Local”, dan “Chlorhexidine gluconate” yang diterbitkan dalam 10 tahun terakhir (2010-2020), dan menggunakan Bahasa Inggris. Artikel yang tidak bisa didapatkan secara lengkap dan literature review dieksklusi. Artikel kemudian dinilai menggunakan critical appraisal checklist untuk dikaji. Hasil: Hasil pencarian menampilkan 355 artikel, dimana 345 artikel dieliminasi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, sehingga didapatkan 8 artikel. Delapan artikel yang ditinjau terdiri dari empat studi terkontrol acak, dua studi laboratorium, satu uji hewan, dan satu studi observasional. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini mendapatkan 8 literatur untuk dikaji. Lima literatur melaporkan bahwa chlorhexidine gluconate menurunkan prevalensi infeksi bakteri MRSA, walaupun dua literatur menyatakan bahwa penurunan tersebut tidak signifikan. Tiga literatur lain melaporkan adanya penurunan sensitivitas bakteri MRSA terhadap chlorhexidine gluconate, terutama pada isolat yang diidentifikasi memiliki gen qacA/B atau gen smr. Background: Chlorhexidine gluconate is an antiseptic that can prevent infection because of its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. It can prevent MDRO infection, including MRSA. However, frequent use of chlorhexidine gluconate may result in the emergence of MRSA with reduced susceptibility or even resistance against it. Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of an antiseptic containing chlorhexidine gluconate against MRSA. Methods: A literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar was performed with keywords such as “Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus”, “MRSA”, “Anti-Infective Agents, Local”, and “Chlorhexidine gluconate”. Articles published from the last 10 years in English were included. Articles that were not available in full text as well as literature reviews were excluded. These articles were appraised using critical appraisal checklist for review. Results: We identified 355 articles, of which 345 were eliminated based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, leaving 8 articles. These eight articles consisted of four randomized controlled studies, two laboratory studies, one animal study, and one observational study. Conclusion: Five studies reported that chlorhexidine gluconate reduces rate of MRSA infection, although two studies stated that the rates are not significant. Three studies reported reduced susceptibility against chlorhexidine gluconate in MRSA isolates with qacA/B or smr genes.

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Distribution of disinfectant resistance genes qacA/B in clinical isolates of meticillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in one Belgrade hospital

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

High Prevalence of Biocide Resistance Determinants in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Three African Countries

High Prevalence of Biocide Resistance Determinants in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Three African Countries

Reduced Susceptibility to Chlorhexidine among Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Israel: Phenotypic and Genotypic Tolerance

Kajian Literatur: Efektivitas Antiseptik Yang Mengandung Chlorhexidine Gluconate Terhadap Bakteri MRSA

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