Distribution of emm types and macrolide resistance determinants among group A streptococci in the Middle East and North Africa region

Rafei, Rayane; Hawli, Malaik; Osman, Marwan; Dabboussi, Fouad; Hamzé, Monzer

doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2020.02.005

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 103 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Macrolides, including azithromycin, have been used in the past to treat infectious syphilis ( 22 ), but increasing resistance has been reported for syphilis and other pathogens ( 23 – 25 ). Since T. pallidum is not easily cultivable, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of PCR-positive samples can be used to detect resistance mutations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

British Columbia’s Experience after Implementation of the Treponema pallidum Reverse Algorithm and PCR Detection, 2015 to 2020

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

British Columbia’s Experience after Implementation of the Treponema pallidum Reverse Algorithm and PCR Detection, 2015 to 2020

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the human field in Lebanon, a recent cross-sectional study displayed the absence of macrolide and lincosamide resistance in both MRSA and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates among food handlers [52]. However, previous Lebanese studies on group A streptococci human isolates showed lower resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin [53,54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes of Bacterial Pathogens from Bovine and Caprine Mastitis in Northern Lebanon

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mastitis is an infectious disease encountered in dairy animals worldwide that is currently a growing concern in Lebanon. This study aimed at investigating the etiology of the main mastitis-causing pathogens in Northern Lebanon, determining their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and identifying their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. A total of 101 quarter milk samples were collected from 77 cows and 11 goats presenting symptoms of mastitis on 45 dairy farms. Bacterial identification was carried out through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Molecular characterization included polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening for genes encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated AmpC among Enterobacterales isolates, and virulence factors among Staphylococcus isolates. Escherichia coli isolates were subjected to phylogenetic typing by a quadruplex PCR method. The most frequently identified species were Streptococcus uberis (19.2%), Streptococcus agalactiae (15.1%), E. coli (12.3%), and Staphylococcus aureus (10.96%). Gram-positive bacteria were resistant to macrolides and tetracycline, whereas gram-negative bacteria displayed resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline. Two ESBL genes, blaTEM (83.3%) and blaOXA (16.7%), and one AmpC beta-lactamase gene, blaCMY-II (16.7%), were detected among six E. coli isolates, which mainly belonged to phylogenetic group B1. Among Staphylococcus spp., the mecA gene was present in three isolates. Furthermore, four isolates contained at least one toxin gene, and all S. aureus isolates carried the ica operon. These findings revealed the alarming risk of AMR in the Lebanese dairy chain and the importance of monitoring antimicrobial usage.

show abstract

“…emm87 was found to be the predominant type in a study carried out in Yemen in 2006. Other prevalent emm types in the North African and Middle East regions include emm6, emm4, and emm18 [ 49 ]. A study conducted in South Africa found 46 different emm types, with emm76, emm81, and emm80 being the more prevalent ones [ 50 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group A Streptococcus Infections: Their Mechanisms, Epidemiology, and Current Scope of Vaccines

Iyer¹,

Sagar²,

Toor³

et al. 2022

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Group A streptococci (GAS) are gram-positive, cocci-shaped bacteria that cause a wide variety of infections and are a cause of significant health burden, particularly in lower-and middle-income nations. The GAS genome contains a number of virulence factors such as the M-protein, hyaluronic acid, C5a peptidase, etc. Despite its significant health burden across the globe, a proper vaccine against GAS infections is not yet available. Various candidates for an effective GAS vaccine are currently being researched. These are based on various parts of the streptococcal genome. These include candidates based on the N-terminal region of the M protein, the conserved C-terminal region of the M protein, and other parts of the streptococcal genome. The development of a vaccine against GAS infections is hampered by certain challenges, such as extensive genetic heterogeneity and high protein sequence variation. This review paper sheds light on the various virulence factors of GAS, their epidemiology, the different vaccine candidates currently being researched, and the challenges associated with M-protein and non-M-protein-based vaccines. This review also sheds light on the current scenario regarding the status of vaccine development against GAS-related infections.

show abstract

Distribution of emm types and macrolide resistance determinants among group A streptococci in the Middle East and North Africa region

Cited by 17 publications

References 103 publications

British Columbia’s Experience after Implementation of the Treponema pallidum Reverse Algorithm and PCR Detection, 2015 to 2020

British Columbia’s Experience after Implementation of the Treponema pallidum Reverse Algorithm and PCR Detection, 2015 to 2020

Molecular Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes of Bacterial Pathogens from Bovine and Caprine Mastitis in Northern Lebanon

Group A Streptococcus Infections: Their Mechanisms, Epidemiology, and Current Scope of Vaccines

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About