Distribution of Flavonoids and Cyclohexenyl Chalcone Derivatives in Conventional Propagated andIn Vitro-Derived Field-GrownBoesenbergia rotunda(L.) Mansf.

Abstract

The distribution patterns of flavonoids and cyclohexenyl chalcone derivatives in conventional propagated (CP) and in vitro-derived (CPA) field-grown plants of an important medicinal ginger, Boesenbergia rotunda, are described. A total of eight compounds were extracted from six organs (rootlet, rhizome, shoot base, maroon stem, stalk, and leaf) of the CP and CPA plants. Five major chromatographic peaks, namely, alpinetin, pinocembrin, pinostrobin, 4-hydroxypanduratin A, and panduratin A, were consistently observed by high performance liquid chromatography. Nonaerial organs had higher levels of flavonoids than the aerial ones for all types of samples. Among the compounds detected, pinostrobin and 4-hydroxypanduratin A were the most abundant flavonoid and cyclohexenyl chalcone derivative, respectively. The distribution and abundance of the bioactive compounds suggested that the shoot base could be more potentially useful for medicinal application than other organs of the plant and may be the site of storage or occurrence of biosynthetic enzymatic activities.

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“…Compound 6 had been reported in CHCl 3 : methanol 9:1 extract of C. ecalcarata cultivated in India 11 , EtOAc extract of C. rotunda cultivated in Surabaya, Indonesia 12 , and CHCl 3 extract of C. rotunda cultivated in Bangkok, Thailand 4 . Compound 8 had been reported in the methanol extract of C. rotunda cultivated in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 13 . Compounds 6 and 8 had also been reported on diethyl ether extract of C. rotunda cultivated in Thailand 14 .…”

Activity Study of Kaempferia Pandurata Roxb. Extract as Antiestrogen Receptor (-) Breast Cancer Cell Line 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine-Mb-231 by Molecular Docking and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2, 5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide Assay

“…10 K. pandurata consists mostly of flavonoids and various essential oils as its bioactive compound, with pinostrobin as its most abundant flavonoid. [11,12] Pinostrobin itself is known to have apoptotic and anti-aromatase effect on breast cancer cell lines. 13 The use of in silico in pharmacological researches has been used for more than a decade.…”

“…The assay was carried out using MTT (Merck). [12][13][14][15] After treatment with the plant extracts, the cells were pooled together and the remaining attached cells were detached from the culture plates by exposure to trypsin-EDTA (GIBCO, USA). The resultant cells were then stained with trypan blue at the concentration of 0.2%.…”

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“…[10] K. pandurata consists mostly of flavonoids and various essential oils as its bioactive compound, with pinostrobin as its most abundant flavonoid. [11] Pinostrobin itself is known to have an apoptotic and antiaromatase effect on breast cancer cell lines. [12] Many methods for drug discovery and development have done by molecular simulation.…”