Distribution of heavy metals in Gaborone urban soils (Botswana) and its relationship to soil pollution and bedrock composition

Zhai, Mingzhe; Kampunzu, H.A.B.; Modisi, M.P.; Totolo, Otlogetswe

doi:10.1007/s00254-003-0877-z

Cited by 74 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Tessier et al (1980), Jardo and Nickless (1989), Pardo et al (1990) and Jain (2004) also reported the highest concentration of Zn in residual fraction. Ni is present predominantly in residual fraction in aquatic environment (Staelens et al, 2000;Zhai et al, 2003). This observation conforms to the present finding in having the maximum amount of Ni in residual fraction.…”

Section: Residual or Lithogenic Fractionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Geochemical distribution and fractionation of heavy metals in sediments of a freshwater reservoir of India

Malik

Biswas

Raju

2012

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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Sediments of a polluted reservoir were evaluated for total contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn along with their different geochemical forms (exchangeable, carbonate, Fe-Mn, organic matter and residual). Mineralogy of the sediments and physico-chemical parameters i.e. pH, OC and percentage of sand, silt and clay were also evaluated to see the dependency of heavy metals concentration on these parameters. The total concentration of heavy metals in the sediments varied according to sites and seasons. Except for station H1 which had moderately higher concentration of Cu (45.5 mg kg -1 ), concentrations of all other metals at all the sites under study were below the standard shale value. Maximum proportions of all metals were associated with the carbonate and residual fractions. The Risk Assessment Code showed a low risk for Cr, Ni and Zn, and a medium risk for Cu at station H3 and H4. On the basis of freshwater sediment quality guidelines, there is a strong possibility of Cr and Cu toxicity for aquatic biota of the reservoir. The data were further processed using Pearson's correlation and factor analysis to obtain more accurate information about the behaviour of these metals. A positive relationship among the metals confirmed the anthropogenic sources of pollution in the reservoir. Significant positive relationships of heavy metals with the texture of the sediment were also obtained.

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Section: Residual or Lithogenic Fractionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Geochemical distribution and fractionation of heavy metals in sediments of a freshwater reservoir of India

Malik

Biswas

Raju

2012

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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“…This work forms part of a multidisciplinary long term project to study various rock and soil environmental characteristics to provide a basic understanding of soil physical properties and processes, and to discuss methods for solving practical problems related to environmental, hydrological, land use and agricultural issues (e.g., Gwosdz et al, 1982;King & Ranganai, 2001;Moidaki, 2001;Zhai et al, 2003). The study has revealed important soil magnetic signatures from soils derived from different rocks that span significant geologic time periods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Susceptibility of Soils from Eastern Botswana: A Reconnaissance Survey and Potential Applications

Ranganai¹,

Moidaki²,

King³

2015

JGG

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Soil magnetic properties measurements are relatively fast and inexpensive but have been proved to be sufficient for preliminary investigations in diverse socio-developmental issues. This paper presents results of a reconnaissance study of soil colour and magnetic susceptibility (χ) in eastern Botswana, where ~80% of the population resides. The work is a first step to creating a database of rock and soil magnetic properties and to document spatial variations in magnetic properties in the country. These measurements are important as constraints for interpretation of available aeromagnetic data and can also be exploited for environmental soil research (pollution) and land-use planning (agriculture). The soils sampled include derivatives of varying types and provenance such as Archean gneissic granitoids, metamorphosed rocks (granulites), volcano-sedimentary assemblages, Karoo basalts, and alluvial sediments. A soil colour chart was used since soil colours and magnetic properties are diagnostic of its parent rock sources and weathering profiles. Soil magnetic susceptibilities were measured at both low frequency (0.46 MHz, χlf) and high frequency (4.6 MHz, χhf), thus allowing calculation of frequency-dependent susceptibility (χfd, χfd%) for detecting ultra-fine ferromagnetic minerals.It was found that soils with Hues ranging from 7.5YR to 10YR have appreciable amount of magnetic materials and soils with Hues of 2.5YR are generally nonmagnetic. The results of soil magnetic susceptibility profiles show spatial variation closely related to the variation in basement rocks, which provides excellent evidence that the magnetic susceptibility variation reflects basement rocks or bedrock composition (soil parent material). In relation to the Botswana physiographic units, soils from the hardveld (Precambrian) show the highest susceptibilities, followed by those from the sandveld, with the lowest values being from the alluvial. The frequency dependent magnetic susceptibilities indicate the presence of ultra-fine super-paramagnetic minerals such as magnetite/maghemite. It is suggested that a systematic and continuous programme of rock and soil magnetic measurements would benefit various socio-economic and development priority sectors of Botswana. This also applies to many developing countries in Africa where soil physics and measurement of soil susceptibility in particular, is generally still at an embryonic stage.

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“…Higher concentrations of Cu and Ni in the soils within the mining environment could have emanated from the exploitation of the Cu-Ni orebodies. Low values of Cu and Ni obtained for soils around the landfill environment may be due to low background lithogenic values of the granitic surrounding rocks (Zhai et al 2003). In soils at the landfill area, Cu and Ni concentrations were most likely influenced by leachate from the landfill.…”

Section: Geoaccumulation Index Of Copper Nickel and Zinc In The Soilsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Copper, nickel and zinc contamination in soils within the precincts of mining and landfilling environments

Ngole

Ekosse

2012

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This study determined copper, nickel and zinc concentrations in soils within the precincts of a coppernickel mining and urban landfilling environments, and used obtained values to appraise the degree of soil contamination and pollution based on geoaccumulation index, contamination factor and pollution load index. Mean concentrations of copper (252.4 mg/kg), nickel (153.0 mg/ kg) and zinc (30.4 mg/kg) in soils around the mining area were considerably higher than those around the landfill (4.3, 0.91, and 13.7 mg/kg, respectively, for copper, nickel and zinc). The mining area was moderate to heavily contaminated with copper, nickel and zinc (1 \ I geo \ 4), whereas the landfill area was moderately contaminated (1 \ I geo \ 3). In both areas, the level of copper contamination was higher than that of nickel and zinc. Contamination around the mining environment was attributed to mining activities whereas around the landfill area, migration of leachate from the disposed waste could have been responsible.

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Distribution of heavy metals in Gaborone urban soils (Botswana) and its relationship to soil pollution and bedrock composition

Cited by 74 publications

References 17 publications

Geochemical distribution and fractionation of heavy metals in sediments of a freshwater reservoir of India

Geochemical distribution and fractionation of heavy metals in sediments of a freshwater reservoir of India

Magnetic Susceptibility of Soils from Eastern Botswana: A Reconnaissance Survey and Potential Applications

Copper, nickel and zinc contamination in soils within the precincts of mining and landfilling environments

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