Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes among different exposure categories in the State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon

Sawada, Leila; Pinheiro, Andréia Cristina Costa; Locks, Daiane; Pimenta, Adriana do Socorro Coelho; Rezende, Priscila Rocha; Crespo, Déborah; Crescente, José Ângelo Barletta; Lemos, José Alexandre Rodrigues de; Filho, Aldemir Branco de Oliveira

doi:10.1590/s0037-86822011000100003

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Genotype 1 is predominant, followed by genotypes 3 and 2 3 . In the State of Pará, the overall prevalence ranges from 0.5 to 2% among blood donor candidates 4 , and the genotype distribution is similar to that reported elsewhere in Brazil 5 .…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

Association between histological findings, aminotransferase levels and viral genotype in chronic hepatitis C infection

Fecury

Almeida

Santos

et al. 2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction:The genomic heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) influences liver disorders. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HCV genotypes and to investigate the influence of these genotypes on disease progression. Methods: Blood samples and liver biopsies were collected from HCV-seropositive patients for serological analysis, biochemical marker measurements, HCV genotyping and histopathological evaluation. Results: Hepatitis C virus-ribonucleic acid (HCV-RNA) was detected in 107 patients (90.6% with genotype 1 and 9.4% with genotype 3). Patients infected with genotype 1 exhibited higher mean necroinflammatory activity and fibrosis. Conclusions: HCV genotype 1 was the most prevalent and was associated with greater liver dysfunction.Keywords: Hepatitis C virus. Genotype. Histopathology.Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is often asymptomatic, but it is chronic in a large (85%) proportion of cases. Approximately 20% of individuals with chronic HCV develop liver damage, cirrhosis or cancer 1 .In Brazil, the seroprevalence of HCV is moderate, although rates vary among different regions of the country 2 . Genotype 1 is predominant, followed by genotypes 3 and 2 3 . In the State of Pará, the overall prevalence ranges from 0.5 to 2% among blood donor candidates 4 , and the genotype distribution is similar to that reported elsewhere in Brazil 5 .Hepatitis C virus genotype 1 has been associated with severe liver damage and the response to treatment 6 . However, other studies were unable to confirm this association 7 . Brazilian studies correlating the different HCV genotypes with histological and clinical presentation are scarce and have not confirmed an association between liver disease severity and HCV genotype 8,9 .The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of HCV genotypes in patients with chronic hepatitis C in the State of Pará, Brazil and to investigate the influence of these genotypes on the biochemical and histopathological parameters of the disease.

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supporting

confidence: 81%

Association between histological findings, aminotransferase levels and viral genotype in chronic hepatitis C infection

Fecury

Almeida

Santos

et al. 2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…Epidemiological data on the status of HCV infection in illicit-drug users in the Amazon are scarce, although reports of clinical cases of hepatitis or pathologies associated with HCV infection in other population groups are numerous [15-18]. The Amazon region is the site of most of the world production of cocaine and its derivatives [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological aspects of HCV infection in non-injecting drug users in the Brazilian state of Pará, eastern Amazon

Filho

Sawada

Pinto

et al. 2014

Virol J

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BackgroundCurrently, sharing of drug paraphernalia is the main form of HCV transmission worldwide. In South America, consistent findings indicate that shared sniffing equipment is an important factor in the spread of HCV among non-injecting drug users. Epidemiological data on the status of HCV infection in illicit drug users in the Amazon region are scarce, although reports of clinical cases of hepatitis or pathologies associated with HCV infection in other population groups are numerous. Thereby, this study investigated the prevalence, genotype frequency, and epidemiological factors associated with HCV infection in non-injecting drug users in the state of Pará, eastern Amazon.ResultsDuring 2008–2011, 300 non-injecting drug users attending drug-treatment centers participated in this study. Most non-injecting drug users were male (63.7%). The mean age was 32.5 years. The non-injecting drugs most consumed were: cannabis (15.6%), cocaine paste (21.3%), and oxi cocaine (25.7%). Tobacco (60.9%) and alcohol (79.4%) were also commonly consumed. One hundred six (35.1%; CI 95%: 29.8 - 41.1) non-injecting drug users presented anti-HCV antibodies by EIA. The HCV-RNA prevalence was 28.0% (95% CI: 20.6 - 35.8). Genotypes 1 (76.9%) and 3 (23.1%) of HCV have been identified. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that HCV infection was independently associated with the following factors: “age (≥ 35 years)”, “tattoos”, “use of a needle or syringe sterilized at home”, “shared use of drug paraphernalia”, “uses drugs for more than 5 years”, and “use of drugs everyday”.ConclusionsThis study revealed a high prevalence of HCV infection in non-injecting drug users, and most infections are occasioned by genotype 1. Likely, HCV transmission is associated with the tattoos, the use of needle or syringe sterilized at home by people over the age of 35 years, and sharing, time and frequency of use of non-injecting drugs. These findings should serve as an incentive for the establishment of a program of Hepatitis C prevention and control by the local public-health authorities in order to develop effective policies and strategies for contain the spread of HCV infection.

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“…The prevalence of HCV infection in illicit drug users sampled in metropolitan areas in the Northeast, Midwest, South and Southeast regions of Brazil ranged from 5% to 36% [3][4][5][6][7] . There are frequent reports of clinical cases of hepatitis or pathologies associated with HCV infection in other population groups in northern Brazil [8][9][10][11] . It is known that most illicit drug users in Pará do not consume injected drugs and are infected with HCV genotype 1 10,11 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are frequent reports of clinical cases of hepatitis or pathologies associated with HCV infection in other population groups in northern Brazil [8][9][10][11] . It is known that most illicit drug users in Pará do not consume injected drugs and are infected with HCV genotype 1 10,11 . This study estimated the prevalence of HCV infection and assessed the factors associated with HCV infection in illicit drug users in the municipality of Breves, State of Pará, northern Brazil.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of HCV infection and associated factors among illicit drug users in Breves, State of Pará, northern Brazil

Pacheco

Silva-Oliveira

Maradei-Pereira

et al. 2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Illicit drug users (DUs) are vulnerable to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The shared use of illicit drugs is the main method of HCV transmission. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Breves, in northern Brazil. We surveyed 187 DUs to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with HCV infection. Results: The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies was 36.9%, and the prevalence of hepatitis C virus-ribonucleic acid (HCV-RNA) was 31%. Hepatitis C virus infection was associated with tattoos, intravenous drug use, shared use of equipment for drug use, drug use for longer than 3 years, and daily drug use. Conclusions: Strategies for preventing and controlling HCV transmission should be implemented among DUs.Keywords: Hepatitis C virus. Illicit drug users. Northern Brazil.Currently, the sharing of drug paraphernalia is the main transmission method for hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide. It is estimated that more than 60% of new HCV infection cases recorded each year are related to the use of illicit drugs, particularly injected drugs 1,2 . In Brazil, epidemiological studies of HCV infection in illicit drug users are still rare. The prevalence of HCV infection in illicit drug users sampled in metropolitan areas in the Northeast, Midwest, South and Southeast regions of Brazil ranged from 5% to 36% 3-7 . There are frequent reports of clinical cases of hepatitis or pathologies associated with HCV infection in other population groups in northern Brazil [8][9][10][11] . It is known that most illicit drug users in Pará do not consume injected drugs and are infected with HCV genotype 1 10,11 . This study estimated the prevalence of HCV infection and assessed the factors associated with HCV infection in illicit drug users in the municipality of Breves, State of Pará, northern Brazil.This cross-sectional study of a non-probabilistic convenience sample was based on information and biological samples provided by illicit drug users in an area of intense illicit drug use located in Breves (01° 40' 55" S 50° 28' 48" O), Archipelago of Marajó, Pará, northern Brazil. Illicit drug users in areas of intense drug consumption were sampled using the snowball technique 11 . Individuals were eligible for the study if they were older than 17 years of age and agreed to answer a specifi c questionnaire and have a blood sample taken and tested for molecular and serologic markers in the period from August to All samples were tested for HCV antibodies and hepatitis C virus-ribonucleic acid (HCV-RNA). Anti-HCV antibodies were tested by enzyme immunoassay (EIA; Murex anti-HCV 4.0, Murex Biotech). HCV RNA was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 67 base pairs of the 5' untranslated region (UTR), as described elsewhere 9 . Confi dence intervals (CIs) were determined for infection prevalence estimates. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were calculated to assess the independent effects of variables 12 . The fi t of the fi nal model was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-f...

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Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes among different exposure categories in the State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon

Abstract: The genotypic frequency and distribution of HCV in different categories of exposure in the State of Pará showed a predominance of genotype 1, regardless of the possible risk of infection.

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Association between histological findings, aminotransferase levels and viral genotype in chronic hepatitis C infection

Association between histological findings, aminotransferase levels and viral genotype in chronic hepatitis C infection

Epidemiological aspects of HCV infection in non-injecting drug users in the Brazilian state of Pará, eastern Amazon

Prevalence of HCV infection and associated factors among illicit drug users in Breves, State of Pará, northern Brazil

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