Distribution of Histamine-Containing Neurons in the Laboratory Shrew (Suncus murinus) Brain.

Karasawa, Nobuyuki; Isomura, Genzoh; Yamada, Keiki; Arai, Ryohachi; Takeuchi, Terumi; Nagatsu, Ikuko; Usuda, Nobuteru

doi:10.1267/ahc.34.431

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…We need to determine whether similar findings obtain in lower vertebrates. Using the shrew, we obtained much data on the localization of other neurotransmitters that are different from those obtained using other rodents [12,15,18], suggesting that the abovementioned coexistence of these neurotransmitters must be specific to primitive mammals. We plan to clarify the significance of such coexistence of these neurotransmitters with other types of amines by conducting studies related to the behavioral, ecological, and biological aspects of shrews.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…In addition, it was reported that pChAT is localized in a part of the histaminergic neuron in central nerves [11]. We previously reported the distribution of histaminergic neurons in the shrew brain [18]. However, on the basis of the following observations that 1) the ChATpositive neurons are not colocalized with histaminergic neurons, 2) the distributions and localizations of ChAT-positive neurons at many sites are similar in many mammals, and 3) there are many experimental data using the antibodies [7,8,26,29,31], we considered it highly likely that the stained neurons in the shrew brain were ChAT-positive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…We have reported the distribution of neurotransmitters in the brains of many vertebrates determined by comparative anatomy [9,12,17,18,21,27,28,32,33,41,42]. In this study, we clarified the localization of cholinergic neurons in the brain of laboratory shrew (Suncus murinus) of the insectivora order, which is one of the most primitive vertebrates in the family Soricidae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Choline Acetyltransferase Positive Neurons in the Laboratory Shrew (Suncus murinus) Brain: Coexistence of ChAT/5-HT (Raphe dorsalis) and ChAT/TH (Locus ceruleus)

Karasawa

Takeuchi

Yamada

et al. 2003

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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We determined the distribution pattern of cholinergic neurons in laboratory shrews (Suncus murinus) based on comparative morphology by an immunohistochemical method using an anticholine acetyltransferase (ChAT) antibody. ChAT-positive neurons were observed in the striatum, magnocellular nucleus and basal nucleus, pontine tegmentum and cranial nerve motor nuclei (IV, V, VII, X and XII). Specific findings were as follows: many ChAT-positive neurons were observed in the locus ceruleus (LC) and raphe dorsalis (RD), and the colocalization of ChAT-positive neurons and tyrosine hydroxylase in the LC and that of ChAT-positive neurons and serotonin in the RD were clarified. On the other hand, in the rat brain, ChAT-positive neurons were present in the central amygdaloid nucleus; however, this was not observed in the brains of laboratory shrews. Laboratory shrews are among the most primitive mammalian species and have a different distribution pattern of aminergic neurons, other than cholinergic neurons, from that in rats. A unique distribution pattern of ChAT-positive neurons in the laboratory shrew brain was thus noted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Choline Acetyltransferase Positive Neurons in the Laboratory Shrew (Suncus murinus) Brain: Coexistence of ChAT/5-HT (Raphe dorsalis) and ChAT/TH (Locus ceruleus)

Karasawa

Takeuchi

Yamada

et al. 2003

Acta Histochem. Cytochem

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“…Next, we need consider several aspects of histaminergic pathways and signaling. The cell bodies of histaminergic neurons are located in the posterior region of the lateral hypothalamus (in the tuberomammillary nucleus) and send projections toward other parts of the hypothalamus, cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and also toward the brainstem (Karasawa et al, 2001 ), although another major source of histamine in the brain is from mast cells (Goldschmidt et al, 1985 ; Kaji et al, 1991 ); the relative contribution of histamine in emetic mechanisms coming from neurons vs. mast cells is not known (Lucot and Takeda, 1992 ). H 1 receptors are located in many brain areas, cerebral cortex, limbic system, NTS, and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (Palacios et al, 1981 ; Martinez-Mir et al, 1990 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Activation by H1 Antihistamines Challenges Conventional View of Their Mechanism of Action in Motion Sickness: A Behavioral, c-Fos and Physiological Study in Suncus murinus (House Musk Shrew)

Dieser

et al. 2017

Front. Physiol.

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Motion sickness occurs under a variety of circumstances and is common in the general population. It is usually associated with changes in gastric motility, and hypothermia, which are argued to be surrogate markers for nausea; there are also reports that respiratory function is affected. As laboratory rodents are incapable of vomiting, Suncus murinus was used to model motion sickness and to investigate changes in gastric myoelectric activity (GMA) and temperature homeostasis using radiotelemetry, whilst also simultaneously investigating changes in respiratory function using whole body plethysmography. The anti-emetic potential of the highly selective histamine H1 receptor antagonists, mepyramine (brain penetrant), and cetirizine (non-brain penetrant), along with the muscarinic receptor antagonist, scopolamine, were investigated in the present study. On isolated ileal segments from Suncus murinus, both mepyramine and cetirizine non-competitively antagonized the contractile action of histamine with pKb values of 7.5 and 8.4, respectively; scopolamine competitively antagonized the contractile action of acetylcholine with pA2 of 9.5. In responding animals, motion (1 Hz, 4 cm horizontal displacement, 10 min) increased the percentage of the power of bradygastria, and decreased the percentage power of normogastria whilst also causing hypothermia. Animals also exhibited an increase in respiratory rate and a reduction in tidal volume. Mepyramine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and scopolamine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), but not cetirizine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), significantly antagonized motion-induced emesis but did not reverse the motion-induced disruptions of GMA, or hypothermia, or effects on respiration. Burst analysis of plethysmographic-derived waveforms showed mepyramine also had increased the inter-retch+vomit frequency, and emetic episode duration. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that motion alone did not induce c-fos expression in the brain. Paradoxically, mepyramine increased c-fos in brain areas regulating emesis control, and caused hypothermia; it also appeared to cause sedation and reduced the dominant frequency of slow waves. In conclusion, motion-induced emesis was associated with a disruption of GMA, respiration, and hypothermia. Mepyramine was a more efficacious anti-emetic than cetirizine, suggesting an important role of centrally-located H1 receptors. The ability of mepyramine to elevate c-fos provides a new perspective on how H1 receptors are involved in mechanisms of emesis control.

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Distribution of Histamine-Containing Neurons in the Laboratory Shrew (Suncus murinus) Brain.

Cited by 2 publications

References 25 publications

Choline Acetyltransferase Positive Neurons in the Laboratory Shrew (Suncus murinus) Brain: Coexistence of ChAT/5-HT (Raphe dorsalis) and ChAT/TH (Locus ceruleus)

Choline Acetyltransferase Positive Neurons in the Laboratory Shrew (Suncus murinus) Brain: Coexistence of ChAT/5-HT (Raphe dorsalis) and ChAT/TH (Locus ceruleus)

Brain Activation by H1 Antihistamines Challenges Conventional View of Their Mechanism of Action in Motion Sickness: A Behavioral, c-Fos and Physiological Study in Suncus murinus (House Musk Shrew)

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