Distribution of histone deacetylases 1–11 in the rat brain

Broide, Ron S.; Redwine, Jeff M.; Aftahi, Najla; Young, Warren G.; Bloom, Floyd E.; Winrow, Christopher J.

doi:10.1007/bf02686117

Cited by 317 publications

(315 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This effect is likely because of specificity of HDACi 4b for particular HDAC isoforms, of which at least 11 are expressed in the rodent brain (29). These findings are also consistent with previous studies indicating that commercially available HDAC inhibitors can have both positive and negative effects on gene expression (reviewed in ref.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The HDAC inhibitor 4b ameliorates the disease phenotype and transcriptional abnormalities in Huntington's disease transgenic mice

Thomas

Coppola²,

Desplats³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

273

258

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Transcriptional dysregulation has emerged as a core pathologic feature of Huntington's disease (HD), one of several triplet-repeat disorders characterized by movement deficits and cognitive dysfunction. Although the mechanisms contributing to the gene expression deficits remain unknown, therapeutic strategies have aimed to improve transcriptional output via modulation of chromatin structure. Recent studies have demonstrated therapeutic effects of commercially available histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in several HD models; however, the therapeutic value of these compounds is limited by their toxic effects. Here, beneficial effects of a novel pimelic diphenylamide HDAC inhibitor, HDACi 4b, in an HD mouse model are reported. Chronic oral administration of HDACi 4b, beginning after the onset of motor deficits, significantly improved motor performance, overall appearance, and body weight of symptomatic R6/2 300Q transgenic mice. These effects were associated with significant attenuation of gross brain-size decline and striatal atrophy. Microarray studies revealed that HDACi 4b treatment ameliorated, in part, alterations in gene expression caused by the presence of mutant huntingtin protein in the striatum, cortex, and cerebellum of R6/2 300Q transgenic mice. For selected genes, HDACi 4b treatment reversed histone H3 hypoacetylation observed in the presence of mutant huntingtin, in association with correction of mRNA expression levels. These findings suggest that HDACi 4b, and possibly related HDAC inhibitors, may offer clinical benefit for HD patients and provide a novel set of potential biomarkers for clinical assessment.rologic disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion within the coding region of the HD gene (Htt), resulting in a mutant protein (htt) with a lengthened polyglutamine tract (1). Mutant htt protein has been shown to disrupt transcription by multiple mechanisms, but it is unclear which are most important to pathology (2-4). By interacting with specific transcription factors, htt can alter the expression of clusters of genes controlled by those factors. For example, several genes driven by Sp1, which has been shown to interact with htt (5, 6), show decreased mRNA expression in human HD and in mouse models of HD (7). Alternatively, htt may have more global effects on transcription by disrupting core transcriptional machinery (8, 9) or by altering posttranslational modifications of histones, resulting in condensed chromatin structure (10-13). Understanding the basis for transcriptional dysregulation is important for choosing appropriate drug-discovery strategies.Manifestations of transcriptional dysregulation are evident from several gene-profiling studies, which have revealed alterations in the expression of large numbers of genes in the brains of different HD mouse models and in human subjects with HD (7, 14-16). Many of the expression changes in mouse models are observed in early stages of illness before the onset of symptoms, suggesting that gene expression alterations may be pathogenic.Because o...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The HDAC inhibitor 4b ameliorates the disease phenotype and transcriptional abnormalities in Huntington's disease transgenic mice

Thomas

Coppola²,

Desplats³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

273

258

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In this study, we used contextual fear conditioning, a hippocampus-dependent task. Several HDAC isoforms are highly expressed in this brain regions (Broide et al, 2007). Using synthetic substrates that enable one to distinguish between class I and class II HDAC activities (Jones et al, 2008; SJ Haggarty, Personal Communication), we found that the HDACi's used in this study predominantly target the deacetylase activity of class I HDAC isoforms (HDAC1,2,3,8), with HDAC6, a class IIb isoform, also being targeted by SAHA (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Inhibitors of Class 1 Histone Deacetylases Reverse Contextual Memory Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Kilgore

Miller

Fass

et al. 2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

636

460

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized clinically by cognitive impairments that progress to dementia and death. The earliest symptoms of AD present as a relatively pure deficit in memory retrieval. Therefore, drug treatments that intervene in the early stages of AD by rescuing memory deficits could be promising therapies to slow, or even reverse progression of the disease. In this study, we tested the potential of systemic histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) treatment to rescue cognitive deficits in a mouse model of AD. APPswe/PS1dE9 mice showed pronounced contextual memory impairments beginning at 6 months of age. Chronic HDACi injections (2-3 weeks) did not alter contextual memory formation in normal mice, but had profound effects in transgenic animals. Injections of sodium valproate, sodium butyrate, or vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid; Zolinzas) completely restored contextual memory in these mutant mice. Further behavioral testing of the HDACi-treated transgenic mice showed that the newly consolidated memories were stably maintained over a 2-week period. Measurement of the HDAC isoform selectivity profile of sodium valproate, sodium butyrate, and vorinostat revealed the common inhibition of class I HDACs (HDAC1, 2, 3, 8) with little effect on the class IIa HDAC family members (HDAC4, 5, 7, 9) and inhibition of HDAC6 only by vorinostat. These preclinical results indicate that targeted inhibition of class I HDAC isoforms is a promising avenue for treating the cognitive deficits associated with early stage AD.

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“…66 Histone Deacetylases Knowledge on HDACs and their role in the ischemic as well as in the healthy brain of rodent models is accumulating. Brain maps with expression analyses of HDACs are now available for mice, 67 rats, 68 and also humans (Website: r2012 Allen Institute for Brain Science. Allen Human Brain Atlas (Internet).…”

Section: Dna Methylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cerebral Ischemia

Schweizer

Meisel

Märschenz

2013

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Treatment efficacy for ischemic stroke represents a major challenge. Despite fundamental advances in the understanding of stroke etiology, therapeutic options to improve functional recovery remain limited. However, growing knowledge in the field of epigenetics has dramatically changed our understanding of gene regulation in the last few decades. According to the knowledge gained from animal models, the manipulation of epigenetic players emerges as a highly promising possibility to target diverse neurologic pathologies, including ischemia. By altering transcriptional regulation, epigenetic modifiers can exert influence on all known pathways involved in the complex course of ischemic disease development. Beneficial transcriptional effects range from attenuation of cell death, suppression of inflammatory processes, and enhanced blood flow, to the stimulation of repair mechanisms and increased plasticity. Most striking are the results obtained from pharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylation in animal models of stroke. Multiple studies suggest high remedial qualities even upon late administration of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). In this review, the role of epigenetic mechanisms, including histone modifications as well as DNA methylation, is discussed in the context of known ischemic pathways of damage, protection, and regeneration.

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Distribution of histone deacetylases 1–11 in the rat brain

Cited by 317 publications

References 46 publications

The HDAC inhibitor 4b ameliorates the disease phenotype and transcriptional abnormalities in Huntington's disease transgenic mice

The HDAC inhibitor 4b ameliorates the disease phenotype and transcriptional abnormalities in Huntington's disease transgenic mice

Inhibitors of Class 1 Histone Deacetylases Reverse Contextual Memory Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cerebral Ischemia

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