Distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in patients with HAART therapeutic failure in the States of Pará and Amazonas, Brazil: 2002 to 2006

Macêdo, Olinda; Ferreira, Luciana Macêdo; Lopes, Cinthia Távora de Albuquerque; Sousa, Rita Catarina Medeiros; Araújo, José Ricardo Mourão; Vasconcelos, Pedro Fernando da Costa

doi:10.5123/s2176-62232012000200002

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Subtype F1 has been reported as a minor variant in most Brazilian regions, except in Pernambuco where significant prevalence was found [7,15]. Subtype F1 has been previously reported to be prevalent in Amazonas in early 2000 [19], however further studies have detected only sporadic cases of subtype F1, similarly to our findings [21,22]. In Brazil full genome sequence analyses of isolates originally classified as subtype F1 in the pol region revealed that a significant proportion was in fact BF1 recombinants [56].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In 97 ARV naïve individuals from Amapá state, subtype B represented 74% [24]. Subtype B was also highly prevalent in Pará state representing 97% of 34 protease sequences of pregnant women [25] and 85% in patients failing HAART [22]. A previous study in 31 HIV-1 sequences of blood donors from Amazonas also showed the predominance of subtype B [21] and a recent study in 129 antiretroviral naïve children from Manaus showed 80.2% subtype B infections [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Homogenous HIV-1 subtype B from the Brazilian Amazon with infrequent diverse BF1 recombinants, subtypes F1 and C among blood donors

et al. 2019

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In the last decade a growing HIV/AIDS epidemic with increased incidence and AIDS-related mortality has been reported in Northern Brazil from which molecular data are scarce. Also, apparently healthy, adult blood donors, recently diagnosed with HIV-1 represent important sentinel populations for molecular studies. This cross-sectional study describes HIV-1 subtypes in blood donors from three reference public blood centers located in three States in Northern Brazil. HIV-1 pol sequencing (protease/PR, reverse transcriptase/RT) was performed on plasma samples of HIV-1 positive donors from HEMOAM, Manaus, Amazonas (n = 198), HEMERON, Porto Velho, Rondônia (n = 20) and HEMORAIMA, Boa Vista, Roraima (n = 9) collected from 2011–2017. HIV-1 subtypes were identified by REGA, phylogenetic inference; recombinant viruses were characterized by SIMPLOT. Young, single, males predominated, around half was first-time donors. Syphilis co-infection was detected in 17% (39 out of 227), 8% (18 out of 227) was anti-HBc positive. Subtype B represented ≥ 90% in Amazonas, Rondônia and Roraima, subtype C (3.1%) was found in Amazonas and Rondônia; subtype F1 (0.9%) and BF1 recombinants (5.3%) were only detected in Amazonas. Subtype B sequences from Amazonas (n = 179), Rondônia (n = 18) and Roraima (n = 9) were combined with viral strains representative of the BPANDEMIC (n = 300) and BCARIBBEAN/BCAR (n = 200) lineages. The BPANDEMIC lineage predominated (78%) although BCAR lineages were frequent in Roraima (56%) and Amazonas (22%). Subtype C and subtype F1 sequences identified here clustered within Brazilian CBR and F1BR lineages, respectively. Twelve BF1 mosaics showed 11 different recombination profiles: six were singleton unique-recombinant-forms/URFs, one displays a CRF28/29_BF-like recombinant pattern and the remaining four BF1 isolates branched with other Brazilian BF1 viruses previously described and may represent putative new CRF_BF1 from Northern Brazil. Our study shows a highly homogeneous molecular pattern with prevalent subtype B, followed by BF1, and sporadic subtype C and F1 in blood donors from the Northern region. Surveillance studies are important to monitor HIV-1 diversity which can reveal patterns of viral dissemination, especially in a highly endemic, remote and geographically isolated region as Northern Brazil.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogenous HIV-1 subtype B from the Brazilian Amazon with infrequent diverse BF1 recombinants, subtypes F1 and C among blood donors

et al. 2019

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“…[2][3][4][5] Previous studies support a high prevalence of subtype B (≥75%) in Northern Brazil, followed by subtype F1 (2-14%), BF1 recombinants (3-10%), and subtype C (0-6%). [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] These estimates, however, should be interpreted with caution because no molecular data is available from some Northern Brazilian states (AC, RO and RR) and a relative low number of HIV-1 sequences have been subtyped from most others states (n < 100), with the only exception of PA (n = 558).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High HIV-1 Genetic Diversity in Patients from Northern Brazil

Marinho

Oliveira

Francis

et al. 2016

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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The HIV-1 epidemic in Brazil is driven by subtypes B, F1, and C and recombinants forms among those subtypes. The distribution of HIV-1 subtypes, however, may vary across different Brazilian regions and the molecular epidemiologic profile in Northern Brazil remains poorly explored. HIV-1 pol sequences were obtained from 305 patients failing antiretroviral therapy followed at outpatient clinics from five Northern Brazilian states. The most prevalent HIV-1 clade observed in the Northern Brazilian region was subtype B (81%), followed by BF1 recombinants (10%), subtype F1 (4%), subtype C (3%), BC recombinants (2%), and BU recombinants (1%). Although HIV-1 subtype B was the predominant HIV-1 clade in Northern Brazil, its prevalence greatly varies among different states, ranging from 63% in Rondônia to 92% in Acre. Among the 37 HIV-1 recombinant sequences detected in the Northern Brazilian region, nine (24%) displayed a unique recombinant form structure, five (14%) a CRF28/29_BF-like structure, and four (11%) a CRF31_BC-like structure. Two other BF1 recombinant patterns were identified in 16 (43%) and three (8%) samples that may correspond to two potentially new CRFs_BF characteristic of the Northern region. This study reveals that despite the low spatial connectivity with other Brazilian regions, the genetic complexity of the HIV-1 epidemic in Northern Brazil is very high and that the molecular epidemiologic pattern may vary across different northern states, reflecting a complex epidemic with multiple independent viral introductions into this Brazilian region.

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“…HIV-1 subtype B is prevalent throughout the country [ 19 – 22 ], whereas subtypes C and F and their recombinants are relevant in the South and Southeast regions, respectively [ 28 – 32 ]. However, there is scarce data on the circulation of subtypes in the North region of Brazil [ 33 , 34 ]. The objective of this study was to evaluate the emergence of HIV drug resistance, the possibility of an empirical antiretroviral switch (while waiting for genotyping result), and patterns associated with circulating subtypes and ARVs utilized in a population in Pará, one of the largest states in the North region of Brazil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolving Genotypic Profile of HIV-1 Mutations Related to Antiretroviral Treatment in the North Region of Brazil

Lopes

Soares

Falci

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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HIV related mutations can be associated with decreased susceptibility to antiretrovirals and treatment failures. There is scarce information about HIV mutations in persons failing HIV treatment in North of Brazil. Our aim was to evaluate evolution of HIV subtypes and mutations patterns related to antiretroviral therapy in this region. We investigated HIV resistance profile in adults failing antiretroviral regimen in Northern Brazil from January, 2004, through December, 2013. Genotype data was evaluated through Stanford University algorithm. There were 377 genotypes from different individuals to evaluate. Resistance mutations were similar to worldwide reports and related to antiretroviral exposure. Most prevalent mutations in the reverse transcriptase gene were M184V (80.1%) and K130N (40.6%). Thymidine associated mutations were more frequent in multiexperienced patients. Most common protease mutations were M46I, V82A, I54V, L90M, I84V, M46L, and L76V. Subtype B was the most prevalent (90.7%). There were differences between subtypes B and non-B mutations. We documented for the first time subtypes and patterns of HIV associated mutations in Northern Brazil. A1 subtype was identified for the first time in this area. Depending on drug regimen and how experienced the patient is, an empirical switch of a failing antiretroviral treatment could be a reasonable option.

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Distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in patients with HAART therapeutic failure in the States of Pará and Amazonas, Brazil: 2002 to 2006

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Homogenous HIV-1 subtype B from the Brazilian Amazon with infrequent diverse BF1 recombinants, subtypes F1 and C among blood donors

Homogenous HIV-1 subtype B from the Brazilian Amazon with infrequent diverse BF1 recombinants, subtypes F1 and C among blood donors

High HIV-1 Genetic Diversity in Patients from Northern Brazil

The Evolving Genotypic Profile of HIV-1 Mutations Related to Antiretroviral Treatment in the North Region of Brazil

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