Distribution of Human Rotaviruses, Especially G9 Strains, in Japan from 1996 to 2000

Zhou, Yumei; Li, Lei; Okitsu, Shoko; Maneekarn, Niwat; Ushijima, Hiroshi

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2003.tb03422.x

Cited by 47 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Most novel rotaviruses may derive from reassortment between progenitor viruses from different species (23). In the present study and other phylogenetic analyses (13,27,34), several G9 lineages distinct from the major G9 lineage have been demonstrated to exist in recent human G9 strains. The VP7 genes of the Japanese porcine G9 strains discussed here were more closely related to some of these variant G9 lineages, which comprise human Japanese (K-1, 99-SP1904VP7, and 99-TK2091VP7) and Chinese (t203) G9 strains, than to the major G9 lineage.…”

supporting

confidence: 62%

Predominance of Porcine Rotavirus G9 in Japanese Piglets with Diarrhea: Close Relationship of Their VP7 Genes with Those of Recent Human G9 Strains

et al. 2005

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Type G9 of group A rotavirus (GAR) was shown to be predominant in a survey of VP7 (G) and VP4 (P) genotypes among porcine GARs associated with outbreaks of diarrhea in young pigs in Japan between 2000 and 2002. Comparison of the G9 VP7 gene sequences showed that the porcine G9 strains were more closely related to human G9 strains reemerging globally since the mid-1990s than to those from the mid-1980s. The VP7 gene sequences of porcine G9 strains from different farms were divergent (6.1 to 7.2% difference in nucleotides), suggesting that these G9 VP7 genes were not the result of recent introduction into the porcine population. Regarding the P genotype specificities of porcine G9 strains, while the majority of strains were close to unusual porcine P types (P[13] and P[23]), two strains were of the P[6] type, which has closer sequence identity with the human AU19 strain than with the porcine Gottfried strain. These unexpected results suggest that G9 GARs in the porcine population have spread more widely than previously thought and that the VP7 genes of porcine G9 strains and those of some human G9 strains detected recently may have a common progenitor.Group A rotaviruses (GARs), are the major cause of acute diarrhea in the young of many mammalian and avian species, including piglets (12, 29, 32). The two outer capsid proteins of GARs, VP7 and VP4, which independently elicit neutralizing antibody responses, form the basis for a dual classification system based on VP7 (G) and VP4 (P) types (12). There are at least 14 different G serotypes, which correlate with the classification of G genotypes determined by sequence analysis of the VP7 genes (12). Recently, genotype G15 in bovine GARs has been demonstrated (28). Because of difficulties in determining P serotypes, P genotyping based on VP4 gene sequences is conducted more frequently. At least 23 P genotypes have been reported thus far (12,14,15,28). There is not a complete correlation between P serotypes and P genotypes; thus, P genotypes are designated in brackets for distinction from P serotypes.Limited studies in several countries have identified at least four main G types of porcine GARs (G3, G4, G5, and G11) and two main P genotypes (Gottfried-like type P[6] and P [7]) (29, 33). In addition, three human G types (G1, G2, and G9), three bovine G types (G6, G8, and G10), three other porcine P genotypes (P[13], P [19], and P[23]), and two human P genotypes (M37-like type P[6] and P[8]) have been detected in porcine GARs (1,3,8,9,11,14,16,24,25). However, much remains unknown regarding porcine G9 GARs. In humans, G9 GARs have reemerged globally since the mid-1990s, and their VP7 genes have been shown not to be direct descendants of the VP7 genes of prototype human G9 strains from the mid-1980s (2,13,19,20,27). The origin of the VP7 genes in the reemerging human G9 strains is therefore unknown. In the present study, we show the predominance of the G9 genotype in porcine GARs associated with recent outbreaks of diarrhea in young pigs in Japan and compare their VP7 gene...

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confidence: 62%

Predominance of Porcine Rotavirus G9 in Japanese Piglets with Diarrhea: Close Relationship of Their VP7 Genes with Those of Recent Human G9 Strains

et al. 2005

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“…Instead, all the G9 strains isolated during that time period in both countries have been reported to bear lineage 3 VP7. More recently, however, the reemergence of the lineage 1 G9 viruses has been reported in Japan (52). Regarding the lineage 2 G9 VP7, it has never been detected outside of India, which may suggest its distinct evolutionary lineage, different from the lineage 1 or 3 VR7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Such studies have demonstrated the existence of at least three phylogenetic sequence lineages among the G9 rotavirus VP7 genes (2,19,25,29,30,35,40,42,43,52,53). In addition, differences in the reactivity pattern of certain G9-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against selected G9 isolates in lineages 1 to 3 were reported (6,25,39,52,53). However, a comparative systematic characterization of the VP7 neutralization specificities of G9 rotavirus strains belonging to lineage 1, 2, or 3 has not been made, which forms the aim of this study.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rotavirus Serotype G9 Strains Belonging to VP7 Gene Phylogenetic Sequence Lineage 1 May Be More Suitable for Serotype G9 Vaccine Candidates than Those Belonging to Lineage 2 or 3

Hoshino

Jones

Ross

et al. 2004

J Virol

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A safe and effective group A rotavirus vaccine that could prevent severe diarrhea or ameliorate its symptoms in infants and young children is urgently needed in both developing and developed countries. Rotavirus VP7 serotypes G1, G2, G3, and G4 have been well established to be of epidemiologic importance worldwide. Recently, serotype G9 has emerged as the fifth globally common type of rotavirus of clinical importance. Sequence analysis of the VP7 gene of various G9 isolates has demonstrated the existence of at least three phylogenetic lineages. The goal of our study was to determine the relationship of the phylogenetic lineages to the neutralization specificity of various G9 strains. We generated eight single VP7 gene substitution reassortants, each of which bore a single VP7 gene encoding G9 specificity of one of the eight G9 strains (two lineage 1, one lineage 2 and five lineage 3 strains) and the remaining 10 genes of bovine rotavirus strain UK, and two hyperimmune guinea pig antisera to each reassortant, and we then analyzed VP7 neutralization characteristics of the eight G9 strains as well as an additional G9 strain belonging to lineage 1; the nine strains were isolated in five countries. Antisera to lineage 1 viruses neutralized lineage 2 and 3 strains to at least within eightfold of the homotypic lineage viruses. Antisera to lineage 2 virus neutralized lineage 3 viruses to at least twofold of the homotypic lineage 2 virus; however, neutralization of lineage 1 viruses was fourfold (F45 and AU32) to 16-to 64-fold (WI61) less efficient. Antisera to lineage 3 viruses neutralized the lineage 2 strain 16-to 64-fold less efficiently, the lineage 1 strains F45 and AU32 8-to 128-fold less efficiently, and WI61 (prototype G9 strain) 128-to 1,024-fold less efficiently than the homotypic lineage 3 viruses. These findings may have important implications for the development of G9 rotavirus vaccine candidates, as the strain with the broadest reactivity (i.e., a prime strain) would certainly be the ideal strain for inclusion in a vaccine.

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“…Extensive epidemiological studies of rotavirus infection worldwide indicated that G1 was the most prevalent genotype (5,13,15,19,21,28,36). However, the new variants G2 and G3 emerged to become the leading genotypes in Japan from 2001 to 2004 (24,35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Genetic Characterization of Group A Rotavirus Strains Circulating among Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in Japan

Phan

Khamrin

Quang

et al. 2007

J Virol

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Distribution of Human Rotaviruses, Especially G9 Strains, in Japan from 1996 to 2000

Cited by 47 publications

References 31 publications

Predominance of Porcine Rotavirus G9 in Japanese Piglets with Diarrhea: Close Relationship of Their VP7 Genes with Those of Recent Human G9 Strains

Predominance of Porcine Rotavirus G9 in Japanese Piglets with Diarrhea: Close Relationship of Their VP7 Genes with Those of Recent Human G9 Strains

Rotavirus Serotype G9 Strains Belonging to VP7 Gene Phylogenetic Sequence Lineage 1 May Be More Suitable for Serotype G9 Vaccine Candidates than Those Belonging to Lineage 2 or 3

Detection and Genetic Characterization of Group A Rotavirus Strains Circulating among Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in Japan

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