Distribution of Hydrocarbons in the Snow Cover of Natural and Urbanized Landscapes in the South of the Far East, Russia

Persistent Organic Pollutants and Suspended Particulate Matter in Snow of Eastern Siberia in 2009–2023: Temporal Trends and Effects of Meteorological Factors and Recultivation Activities at Former Industrial Area

“…The mean level of SPM in snow at the urban station for the study period amounted to 66 mg/L, which corresponded to the SPM mean for the southern area of the Irkutsk Region that was found in 2021 (61 mg/L [ 38 ]), and it was five times higher than that at the suburban station (12.8 mg/L [ 38 ]). The mean SPM level in snow at the urban station in the town of Irkutsk was lower than that in snow at the city of Khabarovsk (Russian Far East), 122 mg/L [ 66 ], and higher than the levels found in other Russian towns—Barnaul (Altay Krai, Western Siberia), 10.8 mg/L [ 67 ]; Tyumen (Tyumen Region, Western Siberia), 37.1 mg/L [ 64 ]; Izhevsk (the Udmurt Republic, Ural area), 26.4 mg/L [ 68 ]; and Nizhnevartovsk (the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Western Siberia), 17.2 mg/L [ 69 ]—and in natural reserves in the Russian Far East, where the values were 16 and 31 mg/L [ 66 ]. The mean SPM concentrations at both stations investigated were higher than those found in snow from high mountainous areas in Europe (up to 3.5 mg/L [ 70 , 71 ]); remote areas in the Ob River catchment (Western Siberia), where it was 1.47 mg/L [ 67 ]; and rural and background areas in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (8.4 mg/L [ 72 ] and Tyumen Region (7.5 mg/L [ 64 ]).…”