Distribution of hypertension subtypes in a hill tribe of Mizoram, Northeast India

Abstract

Objective Hypertension is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. With increasing age there is differential rise of systolic and diastolic blood pressure leading to development of various hypertension subtypes which have its own clinical implications. Present study assessed distribution and risk factors of hypertensive subtypes in the hill tribe of Mizoram. Methods The present study was a community-based cross-sectional study carried out in Aizawl, Mizoram representing both rural (fourteen villages) and urban (six wards) population and which were selected by PPS method. Individuals aged 18 years and above providing informed verbal consent were included for collection of sociodemographic and clinical data including blood pressure. Of the total 12,313 subjects (Urban: 5853, Rural: 6460) & (Male: 5459, Female: 6854) surveyed, 549 hypertensive subjects who were under antihypertensive treatment were excluded. Hypertension subtype was defined as per standard guidelines. Results Out of 11,764 study individuals, 88.03% (CI: 87.43–88.61) were normotensive and 11.97% (CI: 11.39–12.57) individuals were hypertensive. Prevalence of ISH, IDH and SDH were 241(2.05%), 403 (3.43%) and 764 (6.49%) respectively. Older age, unmarried participants, physical inactivity and obesity are found to be associated with ISH. Male gender, older age, higher educational status, physical inactivity, consumption of extra salt, alcohol consumption, use of tuibur and high BMI were significantly associated with SDH. Conclusions The overall prevalence of hypertension with its subtypes specifically isolated systolic hypertension are low in this hill tribe of Mizoram. It is the right time for initiating intervention programme to modify the risk factors associated with hypertension.

A structured additive modeling of diabetes and hypertension in Northeast India

“…Despite the diversity in dietary habits and cultural practices, studies on diabetes and hypertension in Northeast India have not, to our knowledge, investigated the geographical heterogeneity in the causes of diabetes and hypertension [ 22 , 23 ]. According to Koissi et al, overlooking the effects of heterogeneity in the statistical model may lead to biased parameter estimates [ 24 ].…”

Prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension and its associated factors among women from Northeast India

“…The odds of HTN was more among 36–49 years women, women with overweight/obesity and those using additional salt, which is similar to other studies. 15 , 16 , 26 Chakma et al observed 1.5 times higher odds of hypertension among those using table salt. 22 …”

“…15 Study carried out by Borah et al among Hill tribe of Mizoram reported 12% prevalence of HTN (JNC 7 criteria) which is similar to our study. 16 …”

“…It was observed that blood pressure increases as the age advances and is higher among middle aged women, which is similar to other studies. 15 , 16 , 17 , 25 As age advances, blood vessels become stiff and thus increases blood pressure with advancing age. Therefore, regular check-up of blood pressure is recommended after 40 years of age for early detection and prompt treatment to prevent further complications.…”

Hypertension: Is it a concern only among the overweight and obese Garo women of Kamrup district, Assam?

“…18 Study carried out by Borah et al among hill tribe of Mizoram reported 12% prevalence of hypertension. 19 In a study conducted in Manipur, overweight and obese were 7.39 times more likely to have stage II hypertension. 20 As per NFHS -5, 22.2% of women in Kamrup District (Rural) were found to be having elevated blood pressure (systolic ≥140 mm of Hg and diastolic ≥90 mm of Hg) 21 .…”