Distribution of Helicobacter pylori cagA, cagE and vacA in different ethnic groups in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Abstract

There is a distinctive difference in the HP strains among the three ethnic groups in Malaysia. There was no association between cagA, cagE or vacA genotypes and clinical outcome in the patients. None of these markers are helpful in predicting the clinical presentation of a HP infection.

Prevalence of cagA and vacA among Helicobacter pylori-infected patients in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…According to evidence, more than 90% of isolates form Eastern populations included cagA [41]. The prevalence found in the current study was different from that reported from South and East Asian countries, in which a prevalence of more than 90% was reported [42,43]. For example, a prevalence of 97%, 95%, 94%, and 90% was reported for cagA among H. pylori isolates from Korea, Japan, Malaysia, and China, respectively [44][45][23][24].…”

cagA and vacA status and influence of Helicobacter pylori infection on serum oxidative DNA damage in Iranian patients with peptic ulcer disease

“…Previous studies have shown that cagA gene is present in 50-70% of H. pylori strains in western countries, whereas it is present in [90% of strains from eastern populations [28]. In this study, we found 70% infected patients with cagA-positive strains which are similar to some reports from Iran [29,30] and different from reports of South and East Asian where the presence of cagA strain and its association with clinical outcomes is more than 90% [12,[31][32][33][34]. It has been shown that the prevalence of cagA-positive strains in USA and Europe is 60-70% [35,36] which is more similar to our findings than in different places of Asia.…”

“…Helicobacter pylori isolates were prepared from patients and PCR was performed with DNA extracted from the biopsy specimens using a commercially available kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany).The presence of cagA gene and vacA alleles including s-region (s1 or s2) and m-region (m1 or m2) were examined as previously described [12].…”

Frequency of virulence factors in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients with gastritis

“…Demirturk et al suggested that cagA positivity is associated with more severe glandular atrophy, inflammation, and activity, whereas Saruc et al demonstrated a relationship between cagA positivity with inflammation, H. pylori density, and intestinal metaplasia but not with glandular atrophy [21,22]. In our study, we found 71.2% infected patients with cagA-positive which are similar to some reports from Iran [23] and different from reports of South and East Asian where the presence of cagA strain and its association with clinical outcomes is more than 90% [24,25]. It has been shown that the prevalence of cagA-positive strains in USA and Europe is 60e70% [26].…”