Distribution of Streptococcus milleri in the Oral Cavities of Japanese Children

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Carbohydrate antigens of the serotype k/Lancefield group G "Streptococcus milleri" were extracted by autoclaving whole cells of the type k reference strain Streptococcus anginosus K214-2K. The type k and group G antigen molecules are separated from each other and partially purified by a DEAE-Sephadex A25 column chromatography followed by a Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. In the double diffusion and the immunoelectrophoresis, the type k and group G antigen preparations obtained yielded single bands with their homologous antisera respectively. The type k antigen preparation contained principally glycerol, rhamnose, ribitol, galactose and glucose in a molar ratio of 0.54:1.20:0.43:0.33:1.00. The quantitative precipitin inhibition test indicated that beta(1-6)glucosyl-glucose (gentiobiose) sequence played a major role in immunodeterminant structure. Thus, the type k antigen of "S. milleri" appears to be a new carbohydrate type antigen that is chemically different from any Ottens type antigen. In contrast, the group G antigen preparation contained high proportion of rhamnose in addition to glucose, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine in a molar ratio of 6.45:1.00:0.24:1.15, and the rhamnose residue was involved in the immunodominant epitope, being in good agreement with the previously proposed chemical structure of the group antigen.

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Immunochemical characterization of the carbohydrate antigens of serotype k and Lancefield group G “Streptococcus milleri”

Kitada

Inoue

1996

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“…Arrow indicates the 1463‐bp fragment from intermedilysin gene. a This serotype among the milleri group streptococci has been described previously (10, 11). b S. anginosus (a), S. constellatus (c), S. intermedius (i).…”

Section: Effect Of Reducing Agents On the Hemolytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In the present study, we tested 209 S. milleri group strains: 66 isolates from the mouths of young adults (9), 66 isolates from children (10), 71 isolates from systemic purulent infections found in various locations in the human body (5), as well as 6 reference strains, NCTC 10708, FW 73, ATCC MG 9895, ATCC 33397, ATCC 27335 and ATCC 27823. Additionally, we tested four strains of Streptococcus sanguis , 9H, OMZ9, K44Y, and ATCC 10556, one of Streptococcus parasanguis , ATCC 15911, one of Streptococcus gordonii , ATCC 10558, one of Streptococcus oralis , ATCC 35037, one of S. mutans , GS5, and one of Actinomyces naeslundii , KWS81.…”

Section: Effect Of Reducing Agents On the Hemolytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For further characterization of the present toxin, S. intermedius 1208‐1 (serotype g, biotype IIc) was used, which was previously isolated from the mouth of a healthy child and had no Lancefield antigen (10). The bacteria was anaerobically grown in Todd‐Hewitt broth or Brain Heart Infusion broth at 37°C.…”

Section: Effect Of Reducing Agents On the Hemolytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and characterization of hemolytic activity by an oral anaerobe from the Streptococcus milleri group

Yamaguchi

Koreeda

2004

Some oral anaerobes from the Streptococcus milleri strain group were found to secrete human specific hemolytic toxin, which was detected when bacteria were cultured in Todd-Hewitt broth and Brain Heart Infusion broth. The toxin elicited by the Streptococcus intermedius strain was partially fractionated by ammonium sulfate precipitation. Preincubation with glutathione or cysteine showed significant inhibiting effects; however, no effects were seen with dithiothreitol or beta-mercaptoethanol, and cholesterol was a weak inhibitor. Five kinds of protease inhibitor had no effect on the hemolytic activity, and rabbit preimmune and immune sera against the bacterial cells showed weak inhibition at a similar level. Digestion with trypsin, chymotrypsin, proteinase-K, subtilisin and pronase-P brought about a rise in activity, followed by a decrease during long-term incubation. Other enzymes tested showed no effects. Further, the presence of the intermedilysin gene in the portion with hemolytic activity was not identified by polymerase chain reaction.

“…It is known that strains of "5, milteri" often carry Lancefield group antigens and/or Ottens-type antigens (6), but many isolates from various clinical specimens have been reported to be serologically ungroupable and untypeable(l, 6), Recently, we have isolated a large number of "S. milleri" strains from human dental plaque (18,19), These isolates detnonstrated wide serological Variations based on their cell surface carbohydrate antigens (19,20), The type-speciftc antigens of serotype b and i "S. milleri" have been characterized immunochetnicaJiy in our previous study (7,21), This article describes the ehetnical cotnposition and imtnunological properties of the typespecific carbohydrate antigen purified from the type strain of serotype g "S. milleri". iVIateriai and metiiods "S. miileri" strains "5", milleri" strain KIK (serotype g reference strain (20)) was used.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate antigen of serotype g “Streptococcus milleri”: immunochemical characterization

Inoue

Yakushiji

Konagawa

1991

Cell wall carbohydrate antigen of the serotype g "Streptococcus milleri" was extracted with cold trichloroacetic acid from purified cell walls of the type strain K1K. The extracts were then purified by a DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column, followed by a Sephadex G-100 column. The immunoelectrophoresis revealed that the serotype g carbohydrate antigen preparation displayed a single precipitin band against the crude anti-K1K serum. The purified type g antigen consisted of rhamnose, galactose, glucose and galactosamine in a ratio of 1.3:3.8:1.0:2.5. The quantitative precipitin inhibition test with various haptens indicated that galactosamine is a major immunodeterminant of the type g-specific antigen.