Distribution of injury mechanisms and related factors in ACL-injured female carving skiers

Ruedl, Gerhard; Linortner, I.; Schranz, Alois; Fink, Christian; Schindelwig, Kurt; Nachbauer, Werner; Burtscher, Martin

doi:10.1007/s00167-009-0860-7

Cited by 50 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In accordance with other studies, the most common type of self-reported fall among knee injured skiers seems forward falling with body rotation (‘valgus external rotation’) 14 18 19. The larger amount of reported binding release among forward falls with and without body rotation becomes plausible because current bindings are mostly designed to release during a simple forward fall (upward release function of the heel piece) or during a forward fall with body rotation (side release function of the toe piece of the ski binding) 20.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Factors associated with self-reported failure of binding release among ACL injured male and female recreational skiers: a catalyst to change ISO binding standards?

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Factors associated with self-reported failure of binding release among ACL injured male and female recreational skiers: a catalyst to change ISO binding standards?

et al. 2015

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“…These findings align with earlier studies [5][6][7][8]. Since the introduction of the carving ski in 1993, female skiers have dominated knee injury trends.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

New Zealand Snow Sports Injury Trends Over Five Winter Seasons 2010–2014

Costa-Scorse

Hopkins

Cronin

et al. 2017

Snow Sports Trauma and Safety

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Ski patrol national incident data were analysed in New Zealand for alpine skiing and snowboarding injuries from 4 June 2010 to 9 November 2014. Over five winter seasons, there were 5,861,643 visitations and 18,382 incidents. The injury rate per 1000 skier/boarder days was relatively constant (3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 2.7, and 3.1, respectively). Falls accounted for the injury mechanism in 74.3% of all injuries. Four died after catastrophic falls (two skiing, two snowboarding). Overall, more knee injuries occurred skiing in soft snow conditions than hard (55 vs. 45%). Advanced skiers were 2.2 times more likely to sustain a knee injury with nonrelease of the ski-binding in hard snow surface conditions than when the ski-binding released. Despite increased helmet usage (42-83%), there was a very likely increase in concussion (1.29, 99% CI 1.06-1.57). Hard snow conditions increased wrist injuries for both intermediate and novice snowboarders (30 and 12%, respectively). Wrist protection was most likely to be beneficial in preventing wrist injuries (hazard ratio 0.65, 99% CI O.54-0.79). Good visibility compared to poor visibility led to a twofold increase in injuries. Increased slope congestion, changes in direction to avoid collision with others and speed were possible contributing factors. Collisions accounted for 9.6% of all injuries. Going forward New Zealand injury prevention initiatives need to be multifaceted. Recreational skiers need to ski on torque-tested equipment with release settings that are a match for current physical parameters, style, and the ability to ski in different snow surface conditions. Further research is

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“…When injury does happen, there is a 50% chance it is to the lower extremity, which today usually means an ACL injury [14,15]. Most of the ACL injuries among recreational skiers are reported to occur during falling [16,17]. The three mechanisms of ACL injury all involve falling either in a backward or a forward direction.…”

Section: What Does It Mean For Safety?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sagittal Plane Helmet Acceleration at Pole Contact of Alpine Ski Racers is Dependent on Slalom Pole Type and Skill Level

Kipp

Seifert

2017

Snow Sports Trauma and Safety

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A slalom ski racer's center-of-mass (CoM) has a negative acceleration during a turn. Some of this change in acceleration can be attributed to the physical contact with the pole, and possibly physiological and/or psychological factors of the ski racer. One factor may be the type/size of poles (gates) used to define the race line (route prescribed by competition rules) in slalom. Poles come in a variety of sizes and styles. This study utilized five differing pole types with 12-year-old male and female racers. As a general conclusion, they were faster on the small/shorter poles. They also felt faster, more aggressive, higher level of confidence, and thought their race line was superior on the shorter poles. When looking at the acceleration component, we divided the skiers into "skilled" and "less skilled." The two groups differed on direction of acceleration. The discussion lays out mechanical, physiological, psychological, and technique ramifications to interpret this acceleration paradox.

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Distribution of injury mechanisms and related factors in ACL-injured female carving skiers

Cited by 50 publications

References 30 publications

Factors associated with self-reported failure of binding release among ACL injured male and female recreational skiers: a catalyst to change ISO binding standards?

Factors associated with self-reported failure of binding release among ACL injured male and female recreational skiers: a catalyst to change ISO binding standards?

New Zealand Snow Sports Injury Trends Over Five Winter Seasons 2010–2014

Sagittal Plane Helmet Acceleration at Pole Contact of Alpine Ski Racers is Dependent on Slalom Pole Type and Skill Level

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