Distribution of invasive fungal infections: Molecular epidemiology, etiology, clinical conditions, diagnosis and risk factors: A 3-year experience with 490 patients under intensive care

Boroujeni, Zeinab Borjian; Shamsaei, Sina; Yarahmadi, Maryam; Getso, Muhammad Ibrahim; Khorashad, Alireza Salimi; Haghighi, Ladan; Raissi, Driss; Zareei, Mahdi; Mohammadzade, Anita Saleh; Moqarabzadeh, Vahid; Soleimani, Aria; Raeisi, F; Mohseni, Moein; Mohseni, Maedeh Sadat; Raiesi, Omid

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104616

Cited by 44 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This decline continued in 2018 as well. A similar trend has also been noted in many other countries where non- albicans Candida species now account for the majority of invasive Candida infections [ 8 , 14 , 23 , 24 , 48 , 63 ]. On the contrary, one study from South Korea reported an increasing trend in the incidence of C. albicans candidemia in recent years [ 64 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Furthermore, nearly 30% of all invasive Candida infections do not yield a positive blood culture [ 8 , 23 , 45 ]. Although the impact of candidemia and invasive candidiasis on morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs is substantial, studies on candidemia on a population-based scale are challenging [ 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 14 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. In this study, we determined the nationwide incidence of candidemia, the spectrum of Candida species, and their susceptibility to antifungal drugs in Kuwait in 2018.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Epidemiology of Candidemia in Kuwait: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study

Alobaid

Ahmad

Asadzadeh

et al. 2021

JoF

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Candida species cause a majority of invasive fungal infections. In this article, we describe the nationwide epidemiology of candidemia in Kuwait in 2018. Yeast bloodstream isolates submitted from all major hospitals and identified by phenotypic MALDI-TOF MS and/or by molecular methods were studied. Susceptibility testing was performed by Etest. Out of 313 bloodstream yeasts, 239 Candida spp. isolates (excluding duplicate isolates) were obtained during 234 candidemic episodes among 223 patients. Mixed-species candidemia and re-infection occurred in 5 and 11 patients, respectively. C. albicans (n = 74), C. parapsilosis (n = 54), C. tropicalis (n = 35), C. auris (n = 33), C. glabrata (n = 32), other Candida spp. (n = 11), and other yeasts (n = 9) caused fungemia. Nearly 50% of patients were in intensive care units. Candida spp. isolates (except C. glabrata) were susceptible to caspofungin and 27% of C. auris were amphotericin B-resistant. Resistance to fluconazole was 100% in C. auris, 17% in C. parapsilosis, 12% in C. glabrata, and 1% in C. albicans. Mortality was 47% for other Candida/yeast infections. Nationwide candidemia incidence in 2018 was 5.29 cases/100,000 inhabitants. Changes in species spectrum, increasing fluconazole resistance in C. parapsilosis, and the emergence of C. auris as a major pathogen in Kuwait are noteworthy findings. The data could be of help in informing decisions regarding planning, in the allocation of resources, and in antimicrobial stewardship.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Candidemia in Kuwait: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study

Alobaid

Ahmad

Asadzadeh

et al. 2021

JoF

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Acquired immunodeficiencies are more common predisposing factors to IFD. The most common acquired causes of immunodeficiency states that predispose to IFD include hematopoietic cell transplantation, hematologic malignancies, solid organ transplantation, prolonged neutropenia (absolute neutrophil counts of <500 cells/µL lasting more than ten days) from any cause including chemotherapy and immunosuppressive therapies, and advanced HIV infection [63,64].…”

Section: Immunodeficiency States and Invasive Fungal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Radionuclide Imaging of Invasive Fungal Disease in Immunocompromised Hosts

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Invasive fungal disease (IFD) leads to increased mortality, morbidity, and costs of treatment in patients with immunosuppressive conditions. The definitive diagnosis of IFD relies on the isolation of the causative fungal agents through microscopy, culture, or nucleic acid testing in tissue samples obtained from the sites of the disease. Biopsy is not always feasible or safe to be undertaken in immunocompromised hosts at risk of IFD. Noninvasive diagnostic techniques are, therefore, needed for the diagnosis and treatment response assessment of IFD. The available techniques that identify fungal-specific antigens in biological samples for diagnosing IFD have variable sensitivity and specificity. They also have limited utility in response assessment. Imaging has, therefore, been applied for the noninvasive detection of IFD. Morphologic imaging with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most applied technique. These techniques are neither sufficiently sensitive nor specific for the early diagnosis of IFD. Morphologic changes evaluated by CT and MRI occur later in the disease course and during recovery after successful treatment. These modalities may, therefore, not be ideal for early diagnosis and early response to therapy determination. Radionuclide imaging allows for targeting the host response to pathogenic fungi or specific structures of the pathogen itself. This makes radionuclide imaging techniques suitable for the early diagnosis and treatment response assessment of IFD. In this review, we aimed to discuss the interplay of host immunity, immunosuppression, and the occurrence of IFD. We also discuss the currently available radionuclide probes that have been evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies for their ability to detect IFD.

show abstract

“…krusei and lastly, C . auris, has been detected [ 11 , 12 ]. Apart from the mentioned fungi, other species such as Pneumocystis jirovecii , Histoplasma capsulatum and the mucormycetes of Mucor , Absidia and Rhizopus genera, are important fungal pathogens responsible for the majority of serious fungal diseases [ 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Biofilms as a Valuable Target for the Discovery of Natural Products That Cope with the Resistance of Medically Important Fungi—Latest Findings

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The development of new antifungal agents that target biofilms is an urgent need. Natural products, mainly from the plant kingdom, represent an invaluable source of these entities. The present review provides an update (2017–May 2021) on the available information on essential oils, propolis, extracts from plants, algae, lichens and microorganisms, compounds from different natural sources and nanosystems containing natural products with the capacity to in vitro or in vivo modulate fungal biofilms. The search yielded 42 articles; seven involved essential oils, two Brazilian propolis, six plant extracts and one of each, extracts from lichens and algae/cyanobacteria. Twenty articles deal with the antibiofilm effect of pure natural compounds, with 10 of them including studies of the mechanism of action and five dealing with natural compounds included in nanosystems. Thirty-seven manuscripts evaluated Candida spp. biofilms and two tested Fusarium and Cryptococcus spp. Only one manuscript involved Aspergillus fumigatus. From the data presented here, it is clear that the search of natural products with activity against fungal biofilms has been a highly active area of research in recent years. However, it also reveals the necessity of deepening the studies by (i) evaluating the effect of natural products on biofilms formed by the newly emerged and worrisome health-care associated fungi, C. auris, as well as on other non-albicans Candida spp., Cryptococcus sp. and filamentous fungi; (ii) elucidating the mechanisms of action of the most active natural products; (iii) increasing the in vivo testing.

show abstract

Distribution of invasive fungal infections: Molecular epidemiology, etiology, clinical conditions, diagnosis and risk factors: A 3-year experience with 490 patients under intensive care

Cited by 44 publications

References 40 publications

Epidemiology of Candidemia in Kuwait: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study

Epidemiology of Candidemia in Kuwait: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study

Radionuclide Imaging of Invasive Fungal Disease in Immunocompromised Hosts

Fungal Biofilms as a Valuable Target for the Discovery of Natural Products That Cope with the Resistance of Medically Important Fungi—Latest Findings

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About