Distribution of IS1311and IS1245inMycobacterium aviumSubspecies Revisited

Johansen, Tone Bjordal; Djønne, Berit; Jensen, Merete Rusås; Olsen, Ingrid

doi:10.1128/jcm.43.5.2500-2502.2005

Cited by 50 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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confidence: 77%

“…Yet, there is ample evidence that members of this group exhibit phenotypic differences in laboratory characteristics and have widely varying propensities to cause disease in different hosts. In agreement with this diversity, M. avium organisms differ according to the presence of genetic elements, such as insertion elements (11,12,14), and also vary extensively at certain genomic regions (18,22,23).Of the M. avium organisms, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis presents a clear diagnostic concern, as it is a serious pathogen of cattle and other ruminants and a potential zoonotic agent (1,2,4,5,13,21).…”

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confidence: 84%

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Differentiating Host-Associated Variants of Mycobacterium avium by PCR for Detection of Large Sequence Polymorphisms

et al. 2006

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The Mycobacterium avium species consists of a group of organisms that are genetically related but phenotypically diverse, with certain variants presenting clear differences in terms of their host association and disease manifestations. The ability to distinguish between these subtypes is of relevance for accurate diagnosis and for control programs. Using a comparative genomics approach, we have uncovered large sequence polymorphisms that are, respectively, absent from bird-type M. avium isolates and from cattle types and sheep types of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. By evaluating the distribution of these genomic polymorphisms across a panel of strains, we were able to assign unique genomic signatures to these host-associated variants. We propose a simple PCR-based strategy based on these polymorphisms that can rapidly type M. avium isolates into these subgroups.Mycobacterium avium organisms responsible for Johne's disease, avian tuberculosis, and opportunistic infections in humans have been classified as belonging to one species based on numerical taxonomy (27), DNA-DNA hybridization (20), and 16S rRNA sequencing (29). This shared designation has placed emphasis on the genetic relatedness of these organisms. Yet, there is ample evidence that members of this group exhibit phenotypic differences in laboratory characteristics and have widely varying propensities to cause disease in different hosts. In agreement with this diversity, M. avium organisms differ according to the presence of genetic elements, such as insertion elements (11,12,14), and also vary extensively at certain genomic regions (18,22,23).Of the M. avium organisms, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis presents a clear diagnostic concern, as it is a serious pathogen of cattle and other ruminants and a potential zoonotic agent (1,2,4,5,13,21). Traditionally identified through phenotypic assays, and more recently by the presence of the insertion element IS900, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis can now be specifically characterized by the deletion of a large sequence called LSP A 8 that is present in other M. avium organisms (22). Whole-genome comparisons of a small number of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates have shown relatively few genomic differences among strains (18, 23), suggesting genomic features specific to tested strains should lend themselves to robust diagnostic algorithms. One source of variability described within M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the existence of two host-associated types: the more prevalent cattle (C) strains, also known as type II strains, and the rarer sheep (S) strains, also called type I strains. These types have been distinguished through molecular fingerprints and PCR assays exploiting the variable presence of the mobile insertion elements IS900 and IS1311 (7,8,25). The ability to both detect and differentiate between these types of strains is of obvious importance for both accurate diagnosis and to guide control programs.Among M. avium members other than M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, phenotypic and g...

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confidence: 77%

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confidence: 84%

Differentiating Host-Associated Variants of Mycobacterium avium by PCR for Detection of Large Sequence Polymorphisms

et al. 2006

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“…Insertion elements found in MAC subspecies provide useful markers for their identification through genotyping (2,4,21,39). Moreover, the markers appear to be associated with the subspecies' epidemiologies and pathogenicities, making the use of these markers clinically relevant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IS901 is strongly associated with MAC infections in avian species, and IS901-positive strains are thus often called bird-type MAC members (7,8,39). IS1311 is consistently associated with the MAC, with only rare exceptions reported (2,21). Inclusion of primers for the 16S rRNA gene target common to all mycobacteria in the MAC multiplex serves as an internal control for confirmation of mycobacterial identification (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The human-origin M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates were identified by using a previously described molecular typing method based on two IS900 integration loci (28), IS1311 restriction fragment length polymorphism (21), rpoB sequence analysis (5), and hsp65 code sequevar analysis (19,40). All clinical isolates were tested by MAC multiplex PCR on a blind basis after their propagation in modified Bactec 12B or MGIT ParaTB culture media.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient Differentiation ofMycobacterium aviumComplex Species and Subspecies by Use of Five-Target Multiplex PCR

et al. 2010

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Infections caused by the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) are on the rise in both human and veterinary medicine. A means of effectively discriminating among closely related yet pathogenetically diverse members of the MAC would enable better diagnosis and treatment as well as further our understanding of the epidemiology of these pathogens. In this study, a five-target multiplex PCR designed to discriminate MAC organisms isolated from liquid culture media was developed. This MAC multiplex was designed to amplify a 16S rRNA gene target common to all Mycobacterium species, a chromosomal target called DT1 that is unique to M. avium subsp. avium serotypes 2 and 3, to M. avium subsp. silvaticum, and to M. intracellulare, and three insertion sequences, IS900, IS901, and IS1311. The pattern of amplification results allowed determination of whether isolates were mycobacteria, whether they were members of the MAC, and whether they belonged to one of three major MAC subspecies, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, M. avium subsp. avium, and M. avium subsp. hominissuis. Analytical sensitivity was 10 fg of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genomic DNA, 5 to 10 fg of M. avium subsp. avium genomic DNA, and 2 to 5 fg of DNA from other mycobacterial species. Identification accuracy of the MAC multiplex was evaluated by testing 53 bacterial reference strains consisting of 28 different mycobacterial species and 12 nonmycobacterial species. Identification accuracy in a clinical setting was evaluated for 223 clinical MAC isolates independently identified by other methods. Isolate identification agreement between the MAC multiplex and these comparison assays was 100%. The novel MAC multiplex is a rapid, reliable, and simple assay for discrimination of MAC species and subspecies in liquid culture media.Since the early 1980s, there has been an increase in disease caused by organisms broadly categorized as nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), a generic term for mycobacteria not in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and other than M. leprae (32). Of these NTM, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) species are the most common cause of human and animal disease globally (6,14,16,24). The clinical relevance of the MAC in humans has been amplified in recent decades with the increasing population of immunocompromised individuals resulting from longer life expectancy, immunosuppressive chemotherapy, and the AIDS pandemic (27 Members of the family Mycobacteriaceae, comprising the MAC, differ in virulence and ecology. Those designated M. avium subsp. hominissuis are genomically diverse, low-virulence, opportunistic pathogens for both animals and humans.

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