Distribution of knock-down resistance mutations in Anopheles gambiae molecular forms in west and west-central Africa

Santolamazza, Federica; Calzetta, Maria; Etang, Josiane; Barrese, Elena; Dia, Ibrahima; Caccone, Adalgisa; Donnelly, Martin J.; Petrarca, Vincenzo; Simard, Frédéric; Pinto, João; Torre, Alessandra della

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-7-74

Cited by 203 publications

(221 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Adults were assigned to members of the An. gambiae cryptic‐species complex on the basis of morphological tests and molecular analyses (Gillies & Coetzee, 1987; Santolamazza et al., 2008; Scott, Brogdon, & Collins, 1993). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive deletion in resistance gene duplications in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae

Assogba

Alout

Koffi

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

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While gene copy‐number variations play major roles in long‐term evolution, their early dynamics remains largely unknown. However, examples of their role in short‐term adaptation are accumulating: identical repetitions of a locus (homogeneous duplications) can provide a quantitative advantage, while the association of differing alleles (heterogeneous duplications) allows carrying two functions simultaneously. Such duplications often result from rearrangements of sometimes relatively large chromosome fragments, and even when adaptive, they can be associated with deleterious side effects that should, however, be reduced by subsequent evolution. Here, we took advantage of the unique model provided by the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.l. to investigate the early evolution of several duplications, heterogeneous and homogeneous, segregating in natural populations from West Africa. These duplications encompass ~200 kb and 11 genes, including the adaptive insecticide resistance ace‐1 locus. Through the survey of several populations from three countries over 3–4 years, we showed that an internal deletion of all coamplified genes except ace‐1 is currently spreading in West Africa and introgressing from An. gambiae s.s. to An. coluzzii. Both observations provide evidences of its selection, most likely due to reducing the gene‐dosage disturbances caused by the excessive copies of the nonadaptive genes. Our study thus provides a unique example of the early adaptive trajectory of duplications and underlines the role of the environmental conditions (insecticide treatment practices and species ecology). It also emphasizes the striking diversity of adaptive responses in these mosquitoes and reveals a worrisome process of resistance/cost trade‐off evolution that could impact the control of malaria vectors in Africa.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive deletion in resistance gene duplications in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae

Assogba

Alout

Koffi

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

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“…These four insecticide classes are also widely used for the control of agricultural pests in Africa (Santolamazza et al ., 2008). This can pose additional selection pressure on malaria vectors when insecticide-contaminated ground water permeates mosquito larval habitats (Ranson et al ., 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and spread of pyrethroid and DDT resistance among the Anopheles gambiae complex in Tanzania

Kabula

Tungu

Malima

et al. 2013

Medical Vet Entomology

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The development of insecticide resistance is a threat to the control of malaria in Africa. We report the findings of a national survey carried out in Tanzania in 2011 to monitor the susceptibility of malaria vectors to pyrethroid, organophosphate, carbamate and DDT insecticides, and compare these findings with those identified in 2004 and 2010. Standard World Health Organization (WHO) methods were used to detect knock-down and mortality rates in wild female Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) collected from 14 sentinel districts. Diagnostic doses of the pyrethroids deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin and permethrin, the carbamate propoxur, the organophosphate fenitrothion and the organochlorine DDT were used. Anopheles gambiae s.l. was resistant to permethrin in Muleba, where a mortality rate of 11% [95% confidence interval (CI) 6-19%] was recorded, Muheza (mortality rate of 75%, 95% CI 66-83%), Moshi and Arumeru (mortality rates of 74% in both). Similarly, resistance was reported to lambdacyhalothrin in Muleba, Muheza, Moshi and Arumeru (mortality rates of 31-82%), and to deltamethrin in Muleba, Moshi and Muheza (mortality rates of 28-75%). Resistance to DDT was reported in Muleba. No resistance to the carbamate propoxur or the organophosphate fenitrothion was observed. Anopheles gambiae s.l. is becoming resistant to pyrethoids and DDT in several parts of Tanzania. This has coincided with the scaling up of vector control measures. Resistance may impair the effectiveness of these interventions and therefore demands close monitoring and the adoption of a resistance management strategy.

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“…Currently, synthetic pyrethroids are the most widely used class of insecticides for controlling mosquito populations. Unfortunately, mosquito populations that are resistant to many synthetic pyrethroids have already been reported, and more will undeniably be identified in the coming decades due to the repeated application and overuse of this insecticidal class (Santolamazza et al 2008, Hardstone et al 2009, Ranson et al 2011.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Insecticidal Characteristics of Commercially Available Plant Essential Oils AgainstAedes aegyptiandAnopheles gambiae(Diptera: Culicidae)

et al. 2015

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Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae are two mosquito species that represent significant threats to global public health as vectors of Dengue virus and malaria parasites, respectively. Although mosquito populations have been effectively controlled through the use of synthetic insecticides, the emergence of widespread insecticide-resistance in wild mosquito populations is a strong motivation to explore new insecticidal chemistries. For these studies, Ae. aegypti and An. gambiae were treated with commercially available plant essential oils via topical application. The relative toxicity of each essential oil was determined, as measured by the 24-h LD50 and percentage knockdown at 1 h, as compared with a variety of synthetic pyrethroids. For Ae. aegypti, the most toxic essential oil (patchouli oil) was ∼1,700-times less toxic than the least toxic synthetic pyrethroid, bifenthrin. For An. gambiae, the most toxic essential oil (patchouli oil) was ∼685-times less toxic than the least toxic synthetic pyrethroid. A wide variety of toxicities were observed among the essential oils screened. Also, plant essential oils were analyzed via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to identify the major components in each of the samples screened in this study. While the toxicities of these plant essential oils were demonstrated to be lower than those of the synthetic pyrethroids tested, the large amount of GC/MS data and bioactivity data for each essential oil presented in this study will serve as a valuable resource for future studies exploring the insecticidal quality of plant essential oils. KeywordsAedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae, plant essential oil, synthetic pyrethroid, terpene RightsThis article is the copyright property of the Entomological Society of America and may not be used for any commercial or other private purpose without specific permission of the Entomological Society of America. ABSTRACT Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae are two mosquito species that represent significant threats to global public health as vectors of Dengue virus and malaria parasites, respectively. Although mosquito populations have been effectively controlled through the use of synthetic insecticides, the emergence of widespread insecticide-resistance in wild mosquito populations is a strong motivation to explore new insecticidal chemistries. For these studies, Ae. aegypti and An. gambiae were treated with commercially available plant essential oils via topical application. The relative toxicity of each essential oil was determined, as measured by the 24-h LD 50 and percentage knockdown at 1 h, as compared with a variety of synthetic pyrethroids. For Ae. aegypti, the most toxic essential oil (patchouli oil) was $1,700-times less toxic than the least toxic synthetic pyrethroid, bifenthrin. For An. gambiae, the most toxic essential oil (patchouli oil) was $685-times less toxic than the least toxic synthetic pyrethroid. A wide variety of toxicities were observed among the essential oils screened. Also, plant essential oils were ...

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Distribution of knock-down resistance mutations in Anopheles gambiae molecular forms in west and west-central Africa

Cited by 203 publications

References 39 publications

Adaptive deletion in resistance gene duplications in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae

Adaptive deletion in resistance gene duplications in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae

Distribution and spread of pyrethroid and DDT resistance among the Anopheles gambiae complex in Tanzania

Comparison of the Insecticidal Characteristics of Commercially Available Plant Essential Oils AgainstAedes aegyptiandAnopheles gambiae(Diptera: Culicidae)

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