Distribution of KRAS and BRAF Mutations in Metastatic Colorectal Cancers in Turkish Patients

Abstract

The results of this study demonstrate the potential prognostic and predictive values of KRAS and BRAF gene mutations in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). It has been proven that KRAS and BRAF mutations are predictive biomarkers for resistance to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody treatment in patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC). We demonstrated the distribution of KRAS (codons 12, 13 and 61) and BRAF (codon 600) gene mutations in 50 mCRCs using direct sequencing and compared the results with clinicopathological data. KRAS and BRAF mutations were identified in 15 (30%) and 1 (2%) patients, respectively. We identified KRAS mutations in codon 12, 13 and 61 in 73.3% (11/15), 20% (3/15) and 6.67% (1/15) of the positive patients, respectively. The KRAS mutation frequency was significantly higher in tumors located in the ascending colon (p=0.043). Thus, we found that approximately 1/3 of the patients with mCRC had KRAS mutations and the only clinicopathological factor related to this mutation was tumor location. Future studies with larger patient groups should yield more accurate data regarding the molecular mechanism of CRC and the association between KRAS and BRAF mutations and clinicopathological features.

Catalog of Lung Cancer Gene Mutations Among Chinese Patients

“…In our study, EGFR patients also demonstrated a larger female to male ratio where we have 63.37% females vs. 36.54% males. Among our KRAS affected study population, we found that more males were associated with KRAS mutations to the tune of 71.14% male and 28.86% females which corresponds to an earlier finding among Turkish patients where (58%) male and (42%) female were identified among KRAS patients ( 15 ). RAS oncogene has three known isoforms as Harvey- RAS (HRAS), Kirsten–RAS (KRAS) and NeuroblastomaRAS (NRAS).…”

“…Also according to the AACR project GENIE consortium database, EGFR is mutated in 22.17%, ALK is mutated in 5.05%, BRAF is mutated in 5.34%, ERBB2 (HER2) is mutated in 4.12%, HRAS is mutated in 0.43%, KRAS is mutated in 29.7%, MET is mutated in 5.18%, NRAS is mutated in 1.14% and PIK3CA is mutated in 7.47% of non-small cell lung carcinoma patients. In comparison to our results seen in Figure 1 , there is a considerable departure, with one of the obvious causes being ethnic variations in genetic makeup ( 15 ).…”

Prevalence of RAS and BRAF mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer patients by tumor sidedness: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…We contacted the authors of these studies for data availability and received relevant data from five studies . A total of 44 studies were therefore included in the narrative review and meta‐analyses. The characteristics of the included studies are presented in Table .…”

KRAS and NRAS Testing in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in Central Iran (Tehran): A Review on Literature of the Middle East

“…The studies reported in Turkey [18][19][20] checked 50, 172, and 53 mCRC patients. The prevalence of KRAS mutation was 30%, 44%, and 49.05%, respectively.…”