Distribution of Lidocaine in Alveolar Tissues in Rabbits

Abstract

This study was intended to determine the tissue distribution of lidocaine in mandibular mucosa and alveolar bone marrow after local infiltration. Tissue distribution of local anesthetics shortly after regional injection has been unclear. We used macro autoradiography to visually examine the tissue distribution of lidocaine shortly after local anesthetic infiltration. Male Japan White rabbits received an injection of 14 C-labeled 2% lidocaine with or without 1:80,000 epinephrine. The areas of infiltration and proportion of distribution 1, 5 and 10 minutes after administration were measured. After the administration of 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine, infiltration area increased over time. Ratios of distribution in alveolar bone marrow at the level equivalent to the root apex increased in 1 to 5 minutes after administration, and then decreased. In contrast, after the administration of plain lidocaine, infiltration was hardly detected. These results suggest that infiltration of lidocaine with epinephrine diffused to a wider area over time after administration and then gradually absorbed into the capillaries.

Development of Lidocaine-Coated Microneedle Product for Rapid, Safe, and Prolonged Local Analgesic Action

“…5. We did not observe that epinephrine increased the lateral distribution of lidocaine, as reported in another study (20).…”

Lidocaine Concentration in Oral Tissue by the Addition of Epinephrine

“…In current clinical dentistry practice, vasoconstrictive agents such as epinephrine are commonly added to local anesthetics to inhibit bleeding from the surgical site and to enhance local anesthetic efficacy by delaying absorption of the local anesthetic into the blood and thus prolonging activity. [1][2][3][4][5] Currently, the vasoconstrictor effect due to the addition of epinephrine to local anesthetic has been sufficiently confirmed. In most reports, however, anesthetic concentration in tissue was indirectly considered by measuring blood-flow volume or serum anesthetic concentration.…”

Localization of 14C-Labeled 2% Lidocaine Hydrochloride after Intraosseous Anesthesia in the Rabbit

“…In contrast, distribution of 14 C-lidocaine in the IA group was limited to the injection site and did not extend to the apical area 1 minute after injection. Yamazaki et al (16) reported that IA required 5 minutes for the diffusion of 14 C-lidocaine around the root apex using the same method with this study. Other studies (12,20,21) showed that IA requires 5 to 10 minutes for effective anesthesia.…”

“…Many studies have investigated the clinical findings such as the onset or duration and anesthetic efficacy after local anesthetics (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)15). However, there are few studies that investigated the tissue distribution of an anesthetic solution after local anesthesia (16)(17)(18)(19). Yamazaki et al (16) reported the diffusion process of 14 C-labeled 2% lidocaine hydrochloride in rabbit oral tissue after IA.…”

“…However, there are few studies that investigated the tissue distribution of an anesthetic solution after local anesthesia (16)(17)(18)(19). Yamazaki et al (16) reported the diffusion process of 14 C-labeled 2% lidocaine hydrochloride in rabbit oral tissue after IA. However, there has been no study on the tissue distribution of a local anesthetic solution in the bone marrow administered as IOA.…”