Distribution of methanol and catalysts between biodiesel and glycerin phases

Chiu, Chuang-Wei; Goff, Michael; Suppes, Galen J.

doi:10.1002/aic.10385

Cited by 102 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Crude glycerol generated during the transesterification process leading to biodiesel contains impurities such as methanol, water, inorganic salts (catalyst residue), free fatty acids, unreacted mono-, di-and triglycerides, methyl esters and a variety of other organic materials, depending on the biodiesel process [7,8], hence it must be purified before subsequent use in conventional applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Symmetric Glycerol Derivatives to Dissymmetric Chlorohydrins

Solarte¹,

Escribà²,

Eras³

et al. 2011

Molecules

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Abstract:The anticipated worldwide increase in biodiesel production will result in an accumulation of glycerol for which there are insufficient conventional uses. The surplus of this by-product has increased rapidly during the last decade, prompting a search for new glycerol applications. We describe here the synthesis of dissymmetric chlorohydrin esters from symmetric 1,3-dichloro-2-propyl esters obtained from glycerol. We studied the influence of two solvents: 1,4-dioxane and 1-butanol and two bases: sodium carbonate and 1-butylimidazole, on the synthesis of dissymmetric chlorohydrin esters. In addition, we studied the influence of other bases (potassium and lithium carbonates) in the reaction using 1,4-dioxane as the solvent. The highest yield was obtained using 1,4-dioxane and sodium carbonate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Symmetric Glycerol Derivatives to Dissymmetric Chlorohydrins

Solarte¹,

Escribà²,

Eras³

et al. 2011

Molecules

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“…Mono-and di-glycosides were neglected as reaction intermediates. Plant capacity, unit block operating conditions, and chemical components (except the catalyst) were selected based on the previous heterogeneous acid catalyst (Styrene divinely benzene copolymer) simulation [9]. For the present simulation styrene divinely benzene copolymer was chosen as the catalyst, as it has been shown to effectively catalyze both the trans-esterification and esterification reactions by several authors [10,11].…”

Section: Process Modeling and Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics and Control System Design for Biodiesel Transesterification Reactor

Olufemi¹

2017

IRATJ

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The immiscibility of vegetable oil in methanol provides a mass transfer challenge in the early stages of Transesterification reaction in the production of biodiesel. It is of a great significance to design high-performance nonlinear controllers for efficient control of these nonlinear processes to achieve closed-loop system's stability and high performance of a biodiesel CSTR. A mathematical model capable of predicting the performance and behaviour of a CSTR has been developed and evaluated. In this work, a comprehensive design procedures based on model predictive control (MPC) have been proposed to efficiently deal with the design of gain-scheduled controllers, controller tuning, optimal controllers and time-varying for nonlinear systems. Since all the design procedures proposed in this work rely strongly on the process model, the first difficulty addressed in this paper is the identification of a relatively simple model of the nonlinear processes under study. The second major difficulty is the analysis of stability and performance for such models using nonlinear control theory of a robust control approach. In the current work, the nonlinear model is approximated by a nominal linear model combined with a mathematical description of model error (due to nonlinearity) to be referred to (in this work) as model uncertainty. The robust control theoretical tools developed are used for the design of gain-scheduled Proportional-Integral-Differential (PID) control and gain-scheduled Model Predictive Control (MPC) in which the MPC method achieves the steady-state optimal set-points of the biodiesel Transesterification reactor.

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“…As a nontoxic, edible, biosustainable and biodegradable compound [79][80][81], glycerol can be converted into promising commodity chemicals and fuels through chemoselectively catalysis, such as selective oxidation, selective hydrogenolysis, catalytic dehydration, pyrolysis and gasification, selective glycerol transesterification and esterification, selective etherification and carboxylation.…”

Section: From Glycerol To Value-added Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Development of Biodiesel Feedstocks and the Applications of Glycerol: A Review

Fan¹,

Burton²

2009

TOEFJ

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Biodiesel, as renewable and biological origin alternative diesel fuel, has been receiving a lot of concern throughout the world due to the energy needs and environmental awareness. However, at present, it is not economically feasible to use food-grade vegetable oils to produce biodiesel because of the surge in feedstocks price. Much attention has been devoted to the application of lower-cost feedstocks to produce biodiesel. This paper provided a comprehensive review of biodiesel production from lower-cost non-edible oil sources, such as waste cooking oil (WCO), grease, soapstock, Jatropha oil, and algae. The engine performances of biodiesel produced from these feedstocks were further evaluated. This review also investigated the various applications for the value-added products from glycerol, the byproduct of biodiesel. Moreover, the challenges in terms of different feedstocks and by-product applications were further pointed out.

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Distribution of methanol and catalysts between biodiesel and glycerin phases

Cited by 102 publications

References 11 publications

From Symmetric Glycerol Derivatives to Dissymmetric Chlorohydrins

From Symmetric Glycerol Derivatives to Dissymmetric Chlorohydrins

Dynamics and Control System Design for Biodiesel Transesterification Reactor

Recent Development of Biodiesel Feedstocks and the Applications of Glycerol: A Review

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