Distribution of Mitochondrial Clades and Morphotypes of Baboons<i>Papio</i>spp. (Primates: Cercopithecidae) in Eastern Africa

Zinner, Dietmar; Keller, Christina; Nyahongo, Julius W.; Butynski, Thomas M.; Jong, Yvonne A. de; Pozzi, Luca; Knauf, Sascha; Liedigk, Rasmus; Roos, Christian

doi:10.2982/028.104.0111

Cited by 24 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The existence of multiple hybrid zones and documented discrepancies between relationships based on mtDNA and on phenotypes (Fig. 1) ( 12 , 15 ) argue that male-driven admixture and/or incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) have influenced genetic relationships among these species. When we used a polymorphism-aware phylogenetic approach, PoMo ( 23 , 24 ), we again obtained a basal north-south divergence, with P. kindae placed in the southern group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The comparative genomics and complex population history ofPapiobaboons

et al. 2019

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Recent studies suggest that closely related species can accumulate substantial genetic and phenotypic differences despite ongoing gene flow, thus challenging traditional ideas regarding the genetics of speciation. Baboons (genusPapio) are Old World monkeys consisting of six readily distinguishable species. Baboon species hybridize in the wild, and prior data imply a complex history of differentiation and introgression. We produced a reference genome assembly for the olive baboon (Papio anubis) and whole-genome sequence data for all six extant species. We document multiple episodes of admixture and introgression during the radiation ofPapiobaboons, thus demonstrating their value as a model of complex evolutionary divergence, hybridization, and reticulation. These results help inform our understanding of similar cases, including modern humans, Neanderthals, Denisovans, and other ancient hominins.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The comparative genomics and complex population history ofPapiobaboons

et al. 2019

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“…Furthermore, one should be cautious using the similarity of divergence ages between Ethiopian Papio anubis and Papio hamadryas on the one hand, and those of the central and north gelada clades on the other hand, as an argument for subspecific status of the two gelada populations, as suggested by [ 30 ]. In Papio , mtDNA markers were unable to resolve the taxonomy because of hybridization and introgression [ 70 , 71 , 75 , 76 ]. Since P .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography, mitochondrial DNA diversity, and demographic history of geladas (Theropithecus gelada)

et al. 2018

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The large-bodied, terrestrial primates in the tribe Papionini are among the most intensely studied animals in the world, yet for some members of this tribe we know comparatively little about their evolutionary history and phylogeography. Geladas (Theropithecus gelada Rüppell, 1835), endemic primates of the Ethiopian highlands, are largely unstudied both in genetic diversity and intrageneric phylogeny. Currently, a northern and central subspecies and one isolated southern population are recognized, of which the central is classified as Least Concern, the northern as Vulnerable, and the southern is not yet assessed. The distribution and taxonomy of the subspecies remain poorly defined. Here, we estimate the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity and phylogenetic relationships among gelada mtDNA lineages based on samples across the entire species range. We analysed 1.7 kb-long sequences of the mtDNA genome, spanning the cytochrome b gene and the hypervariable region I of the D-loop, derived from 162 faecal samples. We detected five major haplogroups or clades (south, central-1, central-2, north-1, north-2) which diverged between 0.67 and 0.43 million years ago, thus suggesting a rapid radiation, resulting in largely unresolved intrageneric phylogenetic relationships. Both, the northern and central demes contain two similarly valid haplogroups, each with little or no geographic segregation among respective haplogroups. Effective population sizes of the northern and central demes decreased during and after the last glacial maximum but remained stable for the southern deme, although on a very low level. The distribution of haplogroups within the geographic ranges of the putative gelada subspecies indicates that mtDNA sequence information does not allow reliable taxonomic inferences and thus is not sufficient for solving the taxonomic rank of the three demic populations, with the possible exception of the southern population. Nevertheless, due to the genetic differences all three populations deserve conservation efforts, in particular the smallest southern population.

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“…Often mitochondrial clades mirror biogeographic patterns rather than taxonomy (e.g. baboons; Zinner et al, 2009Zinner et al, , 2015Zinner et al, , 2018b. Since our study was based on mitochondrial markers, we thus have to be cautious when discussing possible taxonomic inferences.…”

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Colobus guereza gallarum a valid endemic Ethiopian taxon?

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Black-and-white colobus (Colobus guereza Rüppell, 1835) are arboreal Old World monkeys inhabiting large parts of the deciduous and evergreen forests of sub-Saharan Africa. Two of the eight subspecies of Colobus guereza are endemic to Ethiopia: C. g. gallarum and C. g. guereza. However, the validity of the Ethiopian taxa is debated and observed morphological differences were attributed to clinal variation within C. g. guereza. To date, no molecular phylogeny of the Ethiopian guerezas is available to facilitate their taxonomic classification. We used mitochondrial DNA markers from 94 samples collected across Ethiopia to reconstruct a phylogeny of respective mitochondrial lineages. In our phylogenetic reconstruction, augmented by orthologous sequence information of non-Ethiopian black-and-white colobus from GenBank, we found two major Ethiopian mitochondrial clades, with one being largely congruent with the distribution of C. g. guereza. The second clade was found only at two locations in the eastern part of the putative range of C. g. gallarum. This second lineage clustered with the lowland form, C. g. occidentalis, from central Africa, whereas the C. g. guereza lineages clustered with C. g. caudatus and C. g. kikuyuensis from Kenya and northern Tanzania. These two guereza lineages diverged around 0.7 million years ago. In addition, mitochondrial sequence information does not support unequivocally a distinction of C. g. caudatus and C. g. kikuyuensis. Our findings indicate a previous biogeographic connection between the ranges of C. g. occidentalis and C. g. gallarum and a possible secondary invasion of Ethiopia by members of the C. g. guereza–C. g. caudatus–C. g. kikuyuensis clade. Given these phylogenetic relationships, our study supports the two-taxa hypothesis, making C. g. gallarum an Ethiopian endemic, and, in combination with the taxon's very restricted range, makes it one of the most endangered subspecies of black-and-white colobus.

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Distribution of Mitochondrial Clades and Morphotypes of BaboonsPapiospp. (Primates: Cercopithecidae) in Eastern Africa

Cited by 24 publications

References 43 publications

The comparative genomics and complex population history ofPapiobaboons

The comparative genomics and complex population history ofPapiobaboons

Phylogeography, mitochondrial DNA diversity, and demographic history of geladas (Theropithecus gelada)

Is Colobus guereza gallarum a valid endemic Ethiopian taxon?

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