Distribution of molecular subtypes within Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis phage type 4 and S. Typhimurium definitive phage type 104 in nine European countries, 2000–2004: results of an international multi-centre study

Abstract

This study investigates the distribution of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles within Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis phage type (PT) 4 and S. Typhimurium definitive phage type (DT) 104, from cases of human infection in nine European countries from 2000 to 2004. Isolates were subtyped using standardized methods and gel images submitted by each participating country to the coordinating centre (Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, London, UK), where they were entered into a central database, developed within BioNumerics software, and designated using an agreed nomenclature. S. Enteritidis PT4 (n=3637) was differentiated into 38 different profiles. Simpson's index of diversity (D) of profiles ranged from 0·2 to 0·4. Profile SENTXB.0001 represented at least 80% of all profiles in each country. S. Typhimurium DT104 (n=1202) was differentiated into 28 different profile types. Simpson's D was at least 0·6 in all countries except in Austria and Italy. In both these countries over 74% of S. Typhimurium DT104 profiles were STYMXB.0013. Profile STYMXB.0061, was predominant in Denmark, Spain, Finland and England & Wales where it represented between 36% and 45% of profiles. Profile STYMXB.0001 represented nearly half of all profiles in Scotland and 23% in England & Wales. PFGE is proving useful for further discrimination within S. Enteritidis PT4 and S. Typhimurium DT104. Ascertainment of international outbreaks involving common serotypes and phage types may be increased by the timely pooling of PFGE profiles within a central database readily accessible to all participating countries.

Antimicrobial Resistance among Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica Isolates in the United States: National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, 1996 to 2007

“…While small numbers limited our ability to make clear statements about the association of both serotype and serogroup with invasiveness, patterns of antimicrobial resistance in serogroups may often have been driven predominantly by one serotype. For example, bloodstream NTS isolates with R-type ACSSuT occurred only in serogroups O:4 (B), O:8 (C 2 -C 3 ), and O:9 (D 1 ) in this study but appeared to be driven almost exclusively by the occurrence of R-type ACSSuT with Salmonella serotypes Typhimurium (12,32), Newport (17), and Dublin (9), respectively. Of clinical concern, resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins was common in Salmonella Newport and Dublin isolates with Rtype ACSSuT.…”

Characterization of Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from foods and patients in northern Morocco

“…Nevertheless, in our study, the same plasmid profile was related to different antimicrobial resistance profiles and vice versa. However, the mobile character and appearance of a single plasmid in different strains, such as reported in the current study, might represent a limitation to the use of plasmid analysis in epidemiological investigations [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Our results, however, showed that there is no correlation between plasmid profiles and susceptibility data.…”

“…Salmonellosis continues to be one of the major food-borne illnesses worldwide [22]. The predominant serotypes change over time and differ from one geographical area to another.…”

Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonellae in Commercial Ground Beef in the United States

“…Five (1.2%) of these isolates were MDR Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104 strains that possessed indistinguishable PFGE patterns and came from the same location. These isolates may have been the result of a single undetermined source, but this is uncertain since Salmonella serotype Typhimurium DT104 is very clonal group of Salmonella (21).…”