Distribution of Natural Enemies of Euonymus Scale,<i>Unaspis euonymi</i>(Comstock) (Homoptera: Diaspididae), in New Jersey

Matadha, Deepak; Hamilton, George C.; Hughes, Marilyn G.; Lashomb, James H.

doi:10.1603/0046-225x-32.3.602

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Aprostocetus neglectus specializes on hosts in the subfamily Chilocorinae in Eurasia, North Africa and North America (Ceryngier and Hodek, 1996). In eastern North America A. neglectus attacks Chilocorus kuwanae (Silvestri), which was imported for biological control of euonymus scale Unaspis euonymi (Comstock) (Nalepa et al, 1993;Matadha et al, 2003), although the implications of this parasitoid for North American chilocorines are largely unknown.…”

Section: Hymenopterous Parasitoids Of Entomophagous Coccinellidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural enemies of the Coccinellidae: Parasites, pathogens, and parasitoids

2009

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a b s t r a c tWe review aspects of the life histories of representative enemies of coccinellids (both entomophagous and phytophagous species) and expose both potential and real effects that they have on life parameters of their hosts. Lady beetles are attacked by a variety of natural enemies (bacteria, fungi, mites, nematodes, protozoa, wasps, flies). Few of these enemies have the ability to alter significantly the population dynamics of their hosts. This review should encourage further research to help define the role of natural enemies in the population dynamics of coccinellids. Ultimately, the conservation of beneficial lady beetles and the management of nuisance and pestiferous ones should be major emphases of research on coccinellid-natural enemy interactions.Published by Elsevier Inc.

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Section: Hymenopterous Parasitoids Of Entomophagous Coccinellidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural enemies of the Coccinellidae: Parasites, pathogens, and parasitoids

2009

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“…E. citrina also occurs in eastern North America but has been ineffective because its life cycle is poorly synchronized with that of elongate hemlock scale (McClure 1978 Several other predator species are of potential importance for biological control of these armored scales. Species released in the mid-1980s for biological control of the euonymus scale, Unaspis euonymi (Comstock), included Cybocephalus nipponicus Enrody-Younga (Coleoptera: Cybocephalidae) and Chilocorus kuwanae (Van Driesche et al 1998, Matadha et al 2003. Two native coccinellids, Chilocorus stigma (Say) and Microweisia spp., are often present in mixed populations with Cy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Optimizing a Basal Bark Spray of Dinotefuran to Manage Armored Scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in Christmas Tree Plantations

Cowles¹

2010

jnl. econ. entom.

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The armored scales Fiorinia externa Ferris and Aspidiotus cryptomeriae Kuwana (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) are increasingly damaging to Christmas tree plantings in southern New England. The systemic insecticide dinotefuran was investigated for selectively suppressing armored scale populations relative to their natural enemies in cooperating growers' fields in 2008 and 2009. Banded soil application of dinotefuran resulted in poor control. However, a dinotefuran spray applied to the basal 25 cm of trunk resulted in its absorption through the bark, translocation to the foliage, and good efficacy. The basal bark spray did not significantly impact the activity of predators Chilocorus stigma (Say) or Cybocephalus nipponicus Enrody-Younga and in 2009 showed a dosage-dependent improvement in the percentage of scales parasitized by Encarsia citrina Craw. A field dosage-response factorial experiment revealed that a 0.25% (vol:vol) addition of a surfactant with dinotefuran did not enhance insecticidal effect. Probit-transformed scale population reduction relative to the untreated check was subjected to linear regression analysis; reduction of scale populations was proportional to the log of insecticide dosage, whereas basal bark spray efficacy declined in proportion to the cube of tree height. The regression equation can be used to optimize dosage relative to tree height. Excellent efficacy resulted from basal bark spray application dates of 28 April (prebud break) to mid-June, but earlier spray timing within that treatment window had fewer crawlers discoloring new growth with their short-lived feeding. A basal bark spray of dinotefuran is well suited for integration with natural enemies to manage armored scales in Christmas tree plantations.

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