Distribution of Niclosamide Residues in Meat and Internal Organs of Common Carp

Ćirković, Milan M.; Kartalović, Brankica; Novakov, Nikolina; Pelić́, Miloš; Djordjević, Vesna; Radosavljević, Vladimir; Aleksić, Nevenka

doi:10.1016/j.profoo.2015.09.014

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Similarly, a previous study reported that nearly 3/4 of NIC is concentrated in the liver among various internal organs of common carp (Cyptrinus carpio). 2 Even exposed to the same concentrations of NIC, the HFD-fed fish bear a significantly greater burden in their liver and brain than those ND-fed fish (P < 0.05). This could be attributed to the lipophilic property of NIC (log P = 4.48), 30 and lipophilic compounds that accumulated preferentially in high-fat fish have been widely reported before.…”

Section: Accumulation and Metabolism Of Nic Inmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…As a salicylamide derivative, niclosamide (NIC) has a wide range of applications including controlling schistosomiasis in public health, removing miscellaneous fish and treating fish disease in aquaculture, and curing cancer, bacterial and viral infections, metabolic diseases, and even COVID-19 in personal medical care. − NIC has been produced and applied for nearly 50 years, and its annual consumption reached more than 3200 tons solely in China . Recently, up to 1.8 tons of NIC were discharged in tributaries and lentic areas of the Laurentian Great Lakes to protect fisheries in 2020 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Niclosamide Exposure at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations Efficaciously Inhibited the Growth and Disturbed the Liver-Gut Axis of Adult Male Zebrafish

Zhu

Lei

Sun

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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In the current study, adult male zebrafish fed a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) were exposed to niclosamide (NIC) at environmentally relevant concentrations to reveal the accumulation and distribution in different tissues and evaluate the effects on liver-gut axis. Chemical analysis indicated that the liver bore a greater burden of NIC compared with the brain and gonads in adult zebrafish, and the HFD-fed fish bore greater burden in their liver and brain than those ND-fed fish. The indications from body weight, growth rate, body mass index, micro-CT images, biochemical and pathological changes confirmed that NIC can efficaciously curb weight gain and improve overloads of in plasma insulin and glucose in HFD-fed zebrafish. However, the potential effects on livergut axis in ND-fed zebrafish were also elucidated: NIC disturbed mitochondrial energy production, inhibited the glycemic and triacylglycerol biosynthesis but promoted triacylglycerol and free fatty acid catabolism, therefore reduced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes; NIC also impaired the physical barrier, evoked inflammatory and oxidative stress and led to microbiota dysbiosis in the intestine. There findings highlighted the necessity for evaluating its potential impacts on the health of wild animals as well as human beings upon long-term exposure.

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Section: Accumulation and Metabolism Of Nic Inmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Niclosamide Exposure at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations Efficaciously Inhibited the Growth and Disturbed the Liver-Gut Axis of Adult Male Zebrafish

Zhu

Lei

Sun

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…For analysis a C18, standard-size HPLC column (4.6 x 250 mm) was used. Niclosamide (98.7%) and CNA (99.3%) were purchased from Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH 4 , while CSA (98%) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich 5 . HPLC grade Acetonitrile (ACN), Methanol and Phosphoric Acid (85%, Wt) were purchased from Fisher Scientific 6 .…”

Section: Hplc Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its most important use in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is for the treatment of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi. Treatment of common carp with niclosamide (3.4 g/kg in feed) for three consecutive days resulted in up to 100% elimination of tapeworms [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Niclosamide and its Metabolites in Liver and Muscles of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fingerlings

Kartalović

Pucarević

Marković

et al. 2017

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Niclosamide is a medication used to treat tapeworm infestation in animals and humans. It is also lampricide and molluscicide, and can be used in in agriculture as a pesticide. In the treatment of parasitic diseases in fish, niclosamide can be used as bath or mixed with the feed. Its most important use in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is for the treatment of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, which is a very common parasite in this fish species. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of niclosamide (NIC) and its metabolite 2-chloro 4-nitro aniline (CNA) and 5-chloro salycilic acid (CSA) in the liver and muscles of common carp fingerlings.Materials, Methods & Results: The fish for the experiment were obtained from Kapetanski Rit fish pond, and were acclimated to test conditions at 20.5 ± 1°C. Common carps with an average mass of 60 ± 10 g were treated with niclosamide in concentration of 2 g/kg of feed during five consecutive days. The experiment was performed in two treatments: one control and niclosamide, in three replications. Each group contained of 30 fish, in 120 L polyethylene tanks. At the end of the treatment, the levels of niclosamide residues were determined using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis during over 13 days. The mean values of niclosamide and CNA concentrations in the muscles ranged from 27.7 µg/kg starting from the first day to <0.5 µg/kg on the 11th day and 14.2 µg/kg from the first day to <1 µg/kg on the 9th day. The CSA metabolite in muscles were <1 µg/kg during throughout the entire study. The niclosamide concentration in the liver were found to be 51.5 (30.2-61.8) µg/kg the first day and decreased proportionally to <0.5 µg/kg on the13th day. CNA level in the liver of treated Common Carps amounted to 170.1 (157-181) µg/kg on the first day and continuously declined until the 13th day when recorded values were <1 µg/kg. The CSA concentrations in the liver reached a maximum level of 11.5 (10.1-12.8) µg/kg on the 7th day and fell to <1 µg/kg on the 13th day.Discussion: Niclosamide use in fish is questionable, primarily due to the possible toxic effects on some aquatic organisms. In Serbia, niclosamide preparation for use in aquaculture, has been produced by Veterinarski zavod Subotica since 1984 when it was registred for the first time. Niclosamid degradation mechanism showed that the metabolism of niclosamide resulted in two main metabolites CNA and CSA. Withdrawal of niclosamide and its residues in the liver and muscle in the present investigation lasted from 9 to 13 days. This decrease in residues concentrations is expected and depends primarily on several factors such as the length and concentration of drug with which the fish is treated, biotransformation, excretion and decomposition of used drug. Niclosamide and CNA were proportionally decreased during the withdrawal time, while the CSA value increased to the seventh day although the fish during this period no longer consumed food with niclosamide, after which the value then decreased until the end of its elimination. This is also not unexpected because it is known that liver and gallbladder is a major organ for collection, storage and elimination of chemical residues. Although the treated fish received 2 mg of the niclosamide per g of feed for five consecutive days results obtained in this study indicate that the maximal residues concentrations were much lower than doses of niclosamide that each fish absorbed into the body. Data obtained during this study provided information about the concentration and withdrawal times of niclosamide and its residues CNA and CSA in the liver and muscles of common carp treated orally.

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“…The derivative spectrophotometric methods have also been used in simultaneous determination of NICS in presence of author drug such as: drotaverine hydrochloride, (9) thiabenazole (10) in the same formulations.NICS in tablets has been estimated by dissolving the tablets in 0.1M NaOH solution ,then measuring the absorbance at 375 nm (11) . Various chromatographic methods include high performance liquid chroma-tography (12)(13)(14)(15) , LC-MS-MS (16,17) gas chromatography. (18) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrophotometric determination of niclosamide Via Schiff ’s base formulations in pharmaceutical and veterinary preparations

Othman

Saleem

2019

innovaciencia

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Introduction: Niclosamide(NICS) its chemical name 5-chloro-N-(2- chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-hydroxybenz-amide]is the only commercially existing molluscicide optional by the WHO for large extent use in schistosomiasis be in charge of programs . NICS and its two new synthesized derivatives constructed to float on the water surface were able to kill cercariae, also obsessed promising activity in vitro nearby to an apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma (4). Few spectrophotometric methods have been reported for the estimation of NICS as pure and in formulations, approximately these methods depend on reduction of nitro group (almost with zinc powder in acidic medium) followed by reaction with different reagents. The method based on reduction of nitro group of NICS then reaction of reduced-NICS with para- N,N dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in non-aqueous medium (methanol) to form a colored product that has been proved successfully for the estimation of NICS in pharmaceutical and veterinary formulations Material and method :All reagents used are of analytical grade and are obtained from Fluka or Aldrich , NICS wassupplied from SIGMA companies. Methanolic solution of para- N,N- dimethylanimobenzaldehyde (Fluka)3%, weighing 3 g and dissolved in 100 ml methanol in a volumetric flask. All other reagents were prepared bydissolving the propriety weight in perfect solvent. A volume in the range of 0.1 to 1.7 ml of 100 µg.ml-1RNICS solution was transferred to 10 ml calibrated flasks.2ml of PNNDMABA (3.0 %) was added, and the volume was made up to 10 ml by adding methanol. The yellow Schiff ’s base was measured at 454 nm versus a blank solution. Results and Discussion:The optimum pH for reaction of NICS with para-N, N-dimethylanimobenzaldehyde equal to 3 which resulted by mixing the components of the reaction. The absorbance increase with increasing reagent concentration (para-N,N- dimethylanimobenzaldehyde) and reached maximum on adding volume of 2.0 ml of (3%), which also gives the highest value of determination coefficient (R2).The experimental data indicated that methanol was the optimum solvent used in dilution according to high intensity of Schiff ’s base and the good stability. The formation of the yellow Schiff ’s base being complete after mixing the components of reaction and the absorbance remained constant for at least 2 hours. Conclusion: Accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method was described for the estimation of NICS. The present method has been successfully applied for the estimation of NICS in pharmaceutical and veterinary preparations.

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Distribution of Niclosamide Residues in Meat and Internal Organs of Common Carp

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Niclosamide Exposure at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations Efficaciously Inhibited the Growth and Disturbed the Liver-Gut Axis of Adult Male Zebrafish

Niclosamide Exposure at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations Efficaciously Inhibited the Growth and Disturbed the Liver-Gut Axis of Adult Male Zebrafish

Determination of Niclosamide and its Metabolites in Liver and Muscles of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fingerlings

Spectrophotometric determination of niclosamide Via Schiff ’s base formulations in pharmaceutical and veterinary preparations

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