Distribution of PCB Congeners, DDE, Hexachlorobenzene, and Methylsulfonyl Metabolites of PCB and DDE Among Various Fractions of Human Blood Plasma

Norén, Koidu; Weistrand, Cecilia; Karpe, Fredrik

doi:10.1007/s002449900532

Cited by 69 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The concentrations were about three times higher in LDL/VLDL compared to HDL, consistent with previous results (Norén et al 1999). In line with plasma analyses (Faerch et al 2012;Lind et al 2012), the non-dioxin-like congeners PCB#138, PCB#153, PCB#170 and PCB#180 were found in the highest concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, beside a previous study showing that a large fraction of POPs are associated to LDL/VLDL and HDL in healthy individuals (Norén et al 1999), little is known about the human lipoprotein distribution of POPs in vivo and how this relates to disease progress. The aims of the current study were 1) to assess the distribution of POPs in lipoprotein fractions and 2) to investigate if the distributions differ in healthy controls as compared to subjects with CVD or cancer and 3) to investigate whether the POP levels can influence the activity of HDL-associated PON1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Persistent organic pollutants distribution in lipoprotein fractions in relation to cardiovascular disease and cancer

Ljunggren

Helmfrid

Salihović

et al. 2014

Environment International

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Graphical AbstractLeft panels: Higher concentrations of PCBs and OCPs in HDL from subjects with CVD and cancer than healthy controls. Upper right panel: Enrichment of highly chlorinated PCB congeners in HDL. Lower right panel: Less activity of the HDL anti-oxidant enzyme PON1 in subjects with high PCB concentrations than in subjects with low PCB concentrations. HighlightsHigher POP concentrations in subjects with CVD or cancer compared to healthy controls AbstractPersistent organic pollutants (POPs) are lipophilic environmental toxins that have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the concentrations of POPs in human high and low/very low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL/VLDL) and the possible association with CVD and cancer occurrence in individuals living in a contaminated area. Lipoproteins from 28 individuals (7 healthy controls, 8 subjects with cancer, 13 subjects with CVD) were isolated and the fraction-specific concentration of 20 different POPs was analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry. The activity of Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an anti-oxidant in HDL, was determined in plasma of these 28 subjects and additional 50 subjects from the same area excluding diseases other than cancer or CVD. Fourteen polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and three organochlorine pesticides were detected, and especially highly chlorinated PCBs were enriched in lipoproteins. Significantly higher concentrations of POPs were found among individuals with CVD or cancer compared to controls. Principal component analyses showed that POP concentrations in HDL were more associated with CVD, while POP concentrations in LDL/VLDL were more associated with cancer. PON1 activity was negatively correlated to sumPCB and a co-variation between decreased arylesterase-activity, increased PCB concentrations and CVD was found. This study shows that POPs are present in lipoproteins and were more abundant in individuals with CVD or cancer compared to healthy controls. The results also indicate that PCB exposure is accompanied by reduced PON1 activity that could impair the HDL function to protect against oxidation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Persistent organic pollutants distribution in lipoprotein fractions in relation to cardiovascular disease and cancer

Ljunggren

Helmfrid

Salihović

et al. 2014

Environment International

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“…liver, lung, adrenal cortex and uterus). Norén and co-workers examined MeSO 2 -PCBs and 3-MeSO 2 -DDE in various fractions of human plasma and found that these metabolites were, to a higher extent than the parent PCB and DDE compounds, associated with the protein rich fraction of the blood rather than with the lipoproteins (Norén et al, 1999). Comparing maternal with the corresponding paired cord samples, concentrations of MeSO 2 -PCB were about 1.5 times higher in the mothers than in their cord blood on a lipid weight basis (Figure 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methylsulfonyl metabolites of PCBs and DDE have also been analysed in human blood, milk, adipose tissue, lung, liver and brain (Haraguchi et al, 1986b;Norén et al, 1999;Chu et al, 2003;Hovander et al, 2006). The MeSO 2 -PCBs and MeSO 2 -DDE are highly lipophilic leading to their accumulation in adipose tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and cord serum exposure to PCB and DDE methyl sulfone metabolites in eastern Slovakia

et al. 2007

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were commercially produced between 1959 and 1984 in eastern Slovakia. Improper handling led to a highly contaminated local environment and high levels of PCBs in humans and wildlife in the Michalovce area. The aim of this study was to analyse serum for methylsulfonyl metabolites of PCB (MeSO 2 -PCBs) and DDE (3-MeSO 2 -DDE) in serum samples from pregnant women and in a selected number of paired cord blood samples to assess maternal sulfone levels and patterns, and transplacental transfer of these metabolites. The donating women were from two districts in eastern Slovakia. A liquid-liquid extraction method together with separation of substance groups and further clean up on silica gel columns were applied prior to analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 3-MeSO 2 -DDE was the major methyl sulfone in most of the samples followed by a yet not identified MeSO 2 -hexaCB, 4′-MeSO 2 -CB101, 4′-MeSO 2 -CB87 and 4-MeSO 2 -CB149. The women from the contaminated area had three times higher concentrations of the MeSO 2 -PCBs than women from the reference area. This is the first report on methyl sulfone metabolites of PCB and DDE in human cord serum. It is shown that these metabolites are transported through the placenta. The levels of MeSO 2 -PCBs in the maternal serum were about 1.5 times higher than in the corresponding cord serum on a lipid weight basis. For 3-MeSO 2 -DDE, the levels were about the same in maternal and cord serum. The difference in the maternal:cord ratio, comparing MeSO 2 -PCBs with 3-MeSO 2 -DDE might be due to differences in transport through the placenta caused by their different affinities for lipoproteins and plasma proteins.

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“…Although accounting for lipid levels is sensible, roughly half of serum PCBs are associated with albumin and other proteins that are not lipoproteins (36,37). Whether albumin levels vary substantially among pregnant women from different populations is not clear, although it seems likely that variations in lipid concentration would be a greater source of variation in PCBs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of polychlorinated biphenyl levels across studies of human neurodevelopment.

Longnecker

Wolff

Gladen

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

249

161

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent pollutants that are ubiquitous in the food chain, and detectable amounts are in the blood of almost every person in most populations that have been examined. Extensive evidence from animal studies shows that PCBs are neurotoxins, even at low doses. Interpretation of human data regarding low-level, early-life PCB exposure and subsequent neurodevelopment is problematic because levels of exposure were not similarly quantified across studies. We expressed the exposure levels from 10 studies of PCB and neurodevelopment in a uniform manner using a combination of data from original investigators, laboratory reanalyses, calculations based on published data, and expert opinion. The mainstay of our comparison was the median level of PCB 153 in maternal pregnancy serum. The median concentration of PCB 153 in the 10 studies ranged from 30 to 450 ng/g serum lipid, and the median of the 10 medians was 110 ng/g. We found that (a)) the distribution of PCB 153 exposure in most studies overlapped substantially, (b)) exposure levels in the Faroe Islands study were about 3-4-fold higher than in most other studies, and (c)) the exposure levels in the two recent U.S. studies were about one-third of those in the four earlier U.S. studies or recent Dutch, German, and northern Qu├ębec studies. Our results will facilitate a direct comparison of the findings on PCBs and neurodevelopment when they are published for all 10 studies.

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Distribution of PCB Congeners, DDE, Hexachlorobenzene, and Methylsulfonyl Metabolites of PCB and DDE Among Various Fractions of Human Blood Plasma

Cited by 69 publications

References 35 publications

Persistent organic pollutants distribution in lipoprotein fractions in relation to cardiovascular disease and cancer

Persistent organic pollutants distribution in lipoprotein fractions in relation to cardiovascular disease and cancer

Maternal and cord serum exposure to PCB and DDE methyl sulfone metabolites in eastern Slovakia

Comparison of polychlorinated biphenyl levels across studies of human neurodevelopment.

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