Distribution of periodontopathic bacterial species in dogs and their owners

Yamasaki, Yoshie; Nomura, Ryota; Nakano, Kazuhiko; Naka, Shuhei; Matsumoto‐Nakano, Michiyo; Asai, Fumitoshi; Ooshima, Takashi

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.02.015

Cited by 60 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…On the other hand, the detection rates of other species, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Capnocytophaga ochracea, Capnocytophaga sputigena, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Eikenella corrodens, were quite low [5]. In addition, several periodontopathic species were shown to be possibly transmitted between dogs and their owners, although the distribution of periodontopathic species in both is generally different [12].In the present study, to investigate the influence of the age of dogs on the periodontal conditions and the distribution of the periodontitis-related species, 176 Japanese dogs were analyzed. On the basis of the age classifications of young (less than 2 years of age), middle-aged (2-7 years of age) and elderly (more than 8 years of age) dogs [6], the 176 dogs were classified into the young (n=39), middle-aged (n=62) and elderly (n=75) groups.…”

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Correlation of Age with Distribution of Periodontitis-Related Bacteria in Japanese Dogs

Hirai

Shirai

Kato

et al. 2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. We analyzed the distribution of 11 periodontitis-related bacterial species in dental plaque collected from 176 Japanese dogs divided into young (less than 2 years of age), middle-aged (2-7 years of age) and elderly (more than 8 years of age) groups using a polymerase chain reaction method. Clinical examination revealed that no dogs in the young group were affected by periodontitis, whereas the rates for gingivitis and periodontitis were high in the middle-aged and elderly groups. In addition, the total numbers of bacterial species in the middle-aged and elderly groups were significantly greater than in the young group. Our findings suggest that age is an important factor associated with the distribution of periodontitis-related bacteria and periodontal conditions in dogs. KEY WORDS: age, canine, dental plaque, periodontitis, periodontitis-related bacteria.doi: 10.1292/jvms.13-0041; J. Vet. Med. Sci. 75 (7): [999][1000][1001] 2013 Periodontal diseases are quite commonly identified in dogs. The diseases are composed of gingivitis, a reversible condition that features limited inflammation of gingival tissue, and periodontitis, which indicates destruction of periodontal tissues, such as the cementum, periodontal ligaments and supportive bone [8]. It has been summarized that the distribution frequency of gingivitis in dogs aged from 0 to 14 years old (average; approximately 6 years old) ranges from 95-100%, while that of periodontitis is from 50-70% [3].Our previous study analyzed the distribution of 10 human periodontitis-related species in dogs and found that specific species, such as Tannerella forsythia and Campylobacter rectus, were frequently detected [5]. In addition, Porphyromonas gulae, a major pathogen of periodontitis in dogs [2], was also detected at a high frequency [5]. On the other hand, the detection rates of other species, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Capnocytophaga ochracea, Capnocytophaga sputigena, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Eikenella corrodens, were quite low [5]. In addition, several periodontopathic species were shown to be possibly transmitted between dogs and their owners, although the distribution of periodontopathic species in both is generally different [12].In the present study, to investigate the influence of the age of dogs on the periodontal conditions and the distribution of the periodontitis-related species, 176 Japanese dogs were analyzed. On the basis of the age classifications of young (less than 2 years of age), middle-aged (2-7 years of age) and elderly (more than 8 years of age) dogs [6], the 176 dogs were classified into the young (n=39), middle-aged (n=62) and elderly (n=75) groups. The protocols used in this study were approved by

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confidence: 97%

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Correlation of Age with Distribution of Periodontitis-Related Bacteria in Japanese Dogs

Hirai

Shirai

Kato

et al. 2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…It has been isolated from various mammals, including the common human companions cats and dogs (13). P. gulae is rarely isolated from healthy animals but is commonly isolated from animals with active periodontitis (14,15) and is rarely found in humans (16). P. gulae has been reported to have fimbrial proteins (FimA) that are similar to the FimA proteins of P. gingivalis (17).…”

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Porphyromonas gulae Has Virulence and Immunological Characteristics Similar to Those of the Human Periodontal Pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis

et al. 2016

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Periodontitis is a significant problem in companion animals, and yet little is known about the disease-associated microbiota. A major virulence factor for the human periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is the lysyl-and arginylspecific proteolytic activity of the gingipains. We screened several Porphyromonas species isolated from companion animals-P. asaccharolytica, P. circumdentaria, P. endodontalis, P. levii, P. gulae, P. macacae, P. catoniae, and P. salivosa-for Lys-and Arg-specific proteolytic activity and compared the epithelial and macrophage responses and induction of alveolar bone resorption of the protease active species to that of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Only P. gulae exhibited Lys-and Arg-specific proteolytic activity. The genes encoding the gingipains (RgpA/B and Kgp) were identified in the P. gulae strain ATCC 51700 and all publicly available 12 draft genomes of P. gulae strains. P. gulae ATCC 51700 induced levels of alveolar bone resorption in an animal model of periodontitis similar to those in P. gingivalis W50 and exhibited a higher capacity for autoaggregation and binding to oral epithelial cells with induction of apoptosis. Macrophages (RAW 264.7) were found to phagocytose P. gulae ATCC 51700 and the fimbriated P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 at similar levels. In response to P. gulae ATCC 51700, macrophages secreted higher levels of cytokines than those induced by P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 but lower than those induced by P. gingivalis W50, except for the interleukin-6 response. Our results indicate that P. gulae exhibits virulence characteristics similar to those of the human periodontal pathogen P. gingivalis and therefore may play a key role in the development of periodontitis in companion animals. P eriodontitis is well known to occur in companion animals, particularly in dogs (1). The prevalence and severity of the disease increase with age (1). Chronic periodontitis, as diagnosed by increased periodontal pocket depth and/or gingival recession (1), has been shown to be present in 82% of dogs aged 6 to 8 years and in 96% of dogs aged 12 to 14 years (2). Black-pigmented anaerobic bacteria are commonly isolated from the periodontal pockets of dogs (3-5), with many of the isolates being identified as Porphyromonas species: P. asaccharolytica, P. circumdentaria, P. endodontalis, P. levii, P. gulae, P. macacae, P. catoniae, and P. salivosa. Of these species, Porphyromonas gulae has been found to be the predominant species (6). In humans, chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth, which results in the destruction of the alveolar bone and the supporting tissue (7). It has been estimated to affect up to 25% of the dentate population, with severe forms affecting 5 to 6% and prevalence increasing with age (8, 9). Although the etiology of chronic periodontitis is multifactorial, evidence suggests that the levels of specific Gram-negative, anaerobic, black-pigmented bacteria in the subgingival plaque biofilm play a major role in the pathogenesis of hum...

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“…Mesmo com o isolamento e identificação de diversos agentes na cavidade oral de cães, pesquisas mostram que muitas bactérias presentes neste local ainda não são cultiváveis pelos métodos convencionais, sendo necessária a utilização de técnicas moleculares para a sua identificação (SAPHIR;CARTER, 1976;REZENDE et al, 2004;ELLIOT et al, 2005;LAVIE et al, 2009;STURGEON, 2012;YAMASKI et al, 2012). Estudos realizados por métodos moleculares, que não dependem de cultivos prévios, permitiram identificar 181 gêneros bacterianos na cavidade oral de seis cães (STURGEON, 2012).…”

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Identification of the Microbiota Gingival of Apparently Healthy Dogs

Frias

Kozusny-Andreani

Prina

2018

Nucleus

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RESUMO:A microbiota oral de animais é bastante diversificada e pouco estudada, por isso o objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar e identificar a microbiota da mucosa gengival de cães aparentemente hígidos. Foram coletadas amostras de80 cães sem raça e sexo definidos e com idade variando entre três e seis anos. A colheita do material foi realizada por meio de fricção de swab no biofilme dental do canino superior. As amostras foram transportadas ao laboratório e cultivadas em diferentes meios. Cada grupo bacteriano e de fungos isolados foram identificados pelas características morfocoloniais, morfotintoriais e bioquímico-fisiológicas convencionais. Verificou-se nas amostras avaliadas espécies bacterianas Gram positivas, dos gêneros Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Propionibacterium, Bacillus e Clostridium; Gram negativas do gênero Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella e Neisseria, e fungos leveduriformes Candida e Malassezia. Concluiu-se que a cavidade oral de cães possui uma flora microbiana bastante diversa e que as bactérias e fungos isolados são responsáveis pela ocorrência de diversas doenças de caráter infeccioso causando sérios danos a pessoas agredidas via mordedura ou simples lambedura em feridas já existentes. Palavras-chave: Bactérias. Fungos. Microbiota oral. Saúde pública IDENTIFICATION OF THE MICROBIOTA GINGIVAL OF APPARENTLY HEALTHY DOGSSUMMARY:The oral microbiota of animals is very diverse and understudied, and therefore the purpose of this paper is to isolate and identify the microbiota of the gingival mucosa of apparently healthy dogs. Samples were collected from 80 dogs with no defined race or gender and ages between 3 and 6 years. The collection of the material was carried out by swabbing the dental plaque of the maxillary canine. Samples were transported to the laboratory and cultured in different media. Each isolated bacterial or fungal group was identified by conventional morphocolonial, morphotintorial and biochemical-physiological characteristics. The assessed samples included Gram-positive bacteria of the Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Propionibacterium, Bacillus and Clostridium genus; Gram-negative bacteria of the Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella and Neisseria genus, and the yeast fungi Candida and Malassezia. In conclusion, the oral cavity of dogs has a very diverse microbial flora, and isolated fungi are responsible for the occurrence of many infectious diseases that cause serious harm to people bitten by dog or licked in existing wounds.

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Distribution of periodontopathic bacterial species in dogs and their owners

Cited by 60 publications

References 17 publications

Correlation of Age with Distribution of Periodontitis-Related Bacteria in Japanese Dogs

Correlation of Age with Distribution of Periodontitis-Related Bacteria in Japanese Dogs

Porphyromonas gulae Has Virulence and Immunological Characteristics Similar to Those of the Human Periodontal Pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis

Identification of the Microbiota Gingival of Apparently Healthy Dogs

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