Distribution of Pethidine and Chlorpromazine in Maternal, Foetal and Neonatal Biological Fluids

O’Donoghue, Susan

doi:10.1038/229124a0

Cited by 43 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This might be explained by the increasing myelinization of the CNS which makes it more difficult for water-soluble molecules to penetrate into the brain. Such find ings confirm similar data obtained by Neese and Soyka [3] in mice and rats, and are in accordance with what has been described for pethidine [14] and morphine [15] and with the greater penetration of more lipid-soluble drugs such as phénobarbital [16] and diphenylhydantoin [17] in the brain of adult animals.…”

Section: Agesupporting

confidence: 81%

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Theophylline Distribution in the Premature Neonate

Bonati¹,

Latini²,

Marra³

et al. 1981

Dev Pharmacol Ther

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Theophylline (T) tissue distribution was studied in 11 premature newborns treated with T for prematurity apnea, who had died from severe pathology. To investigate the pattern of distribution of T, in particular the role of the blood-brain barrier in this period of life, two animal species were employed (rat and guinea pig), differing widely in their postnatal development. T was administered to the animals acutely and chronically and the resulting data were compared to human findings. In human prematures no specific accumulation and a wide variety in tissue concentrations, as in tissue/blood ratios, were observed. In the rat, unlike the guinea pig, brain/blood ratios of T concentration declined as postnatal age rose, suggesting that development of the blood-brain barrier plays a major role.

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Section: Agesupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Blood level Rat Guinea pig tissue/blood ratio blood level brain/blood ratio brain lung muscle heart 2 days 6.2 ± 0.6 0.71 ± 0.05 0.43 ± 0.04 0.51 ± 0.06 0.56 ± 0.09 7.6 ± 0.7 0.29 ± 0.03 (14) (3) 4 days 5.0 ± 0.8 0.72 ± 0.05 0.50 ± 0.04 0.79 ± 0.07 0.72 ±0.11…”

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Theophylline Distribution in the Premature Neonate

Bonati¹,

Latini²,

Marra³

et al. 1981

Dev Pharmacol Ther

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“…7. The documentation of placental transfer, serum protein binding, and excretion in breast milk and by the newborn of psychoactive drugs indieate the possibility of direct adverse effects on the offspring (Erkkola et al, 1974;Mandelli et al, 1975;Nielsen et al, 1983;Nau et al, 1983;O'Donoghue, 1971;Savage, 1978;UhUr, 1973). Aside from the technical problems of measuring the substances in the fetus there is also the possibility of indirect damage, e. g., as a result of causing electrolyte imbalance in the pregnant patient.…”

Section: Description and Evaluation Of Methods Used In The Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacotherapy of Psychiatric Disorder in Pregnancy and during Breastfeeding: A Review

Thiels¹

1987

Pharmacopsychiatry

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The literature in most European languages was consulted for guidelines regarding the drug treatment of psychiatrically disturbed pregnant or lactating women. The available information allows only a few conclusions. Lithium exposure during the first trimester seems to increase the risk of congenital heart disease, especially Ebstein's anomaly. As there is still insufficient evidence to prove the safeness of other psychoactive drugs for the fetus, caution seems warranted here too. A causal link between pharmacotherapy of the mother-to-be and malformation of the baby is difficult to prove. But toxic and withdrawal symptoms in infants born to women treated regularly until shortly before confinement are well documented for most psychoactive drugs.

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“…An opportunity of coming closer to this ideal is provided by using, as markers, the drugs which are normally administered during labour (O'Donoghue, 1971). In the observations reported here chlorpromazine (50 mg I.M.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Communications

1974

The Journal of Physiology

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When muscles shorten they produce heat faster than during isometric contraction. This extra heat production is the shortening heat (Hill, 1938). In a series of closely spaced tetanic contractions of frog sartorius muscle at O0 C, the shortening heat is less in the second and subsequent contractions than in the first. Fig. 1 A shows records of the heat rate during the first and second contractions of a series at 5 sec intervals. Fig. 1B shows how the average value of the shortening heat falls during such series, to 66 + 4 % (mean+ s.E.) of the initial value by the third contraction. By the 10th contraction the shortening heat was found to be only 15 + 18 % of the initial value (3 observations). The reduction in the shortening heat is less when the interval between the tetani is greater, and is hardly evident when this interval is 40 sec.The reduction in shortening heat might be due to previous activation, metabolic activity, or shortening. If either activation or metabolic activity were the cause, an isometric contraction should also reduce the shortening heat in subsequent contractions. The results in Fig. 1B show that this is not the case; thus it can be concluded that the reduction in shortening heat is a specific consequence of previous shortening.The isometric tension developed falls during a series of contractions but the tension exerted during shortening at speeds of 10, 20 and 30 mm/sec 98P

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Distribution of Pethidine and Chlorpromazine in Maternal, Foetal and Neonatal Biological Fluids

Cited by 43 publications

References 4 publications

Theophylline Distribution in the Premature Neonate

Theophylline Distribution in the Premature Neonate

Pharmacotherapy of Psychiatric Disorder in Pregnancy and during Breastfeeding: A Review

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