Distribution of Phthalate Esters in Soil of E-Waste Recycling Sites from Taizhou City in China

Liu, W. L.; Shen, Chaofeng; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, C. B.

doi:10.1007/s00128-009-9699-3

Cited by 52 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…To be specific, vegetables planted near industrial districts and vegetables grown in greenhouses or mulch film usually contained higher levels of phthalic acid esters than others. The diethylhexyl phthalate concentration of rape in Table 3 proved that the proximity to an industrial area manufacturing plastics ) or e-waste recycle sites (Liu et al 2010b) caused elevated phthalic acid ester level in the soils. Some phthalic acid esters were absorbed into the plants through the roots and then distributed throughout the plant.…”

Section: Effect and Accumulation Of Phthalic Acid Esters In Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…For example, the phthalic acid ester concentrations in urban soils were found to be higher than those in rural soils, which was due to the intense commercial activities and greater phthalic acid ester discharge from plastic materials in urban regions than rural regions (Sun et al 2013;Xia et al 2011b). Furthermore, transverse phthalic acid ester distribution was also impacted by the phthalic acid ester mobility in the soil (Liu et al , 2010b; for example, elevated concentrations of diethylhexyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate were found at a further distance rather than at the disposal center ). This may have been caused by an increase in the water solubility of phthalic acid esters when soluble humic materials are present in the soil, which could have decreased the apparent degree of soil sorption (Gómez-Hens and Aguilar Caballos 2003).…”

Section: Transverse Distribution Of Phthalic Acid Esters In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Contamination and remediation of phthalic acid esters in agricultural soils in China: a review

He¹,

Gielen²,

Bolan³

et al. 2014

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

238

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Phthalic acid esters have been used as plasticizers in numerous products and classified as endocrine-disrupting compounds. As China is one of the largest consumers of phthalic acid esters, some human activities may lead to the accumulation of phthalic acid esters in soil and result in contamination. Therefore, it is necessary for us to understand the current contamination status and to identify appropriate remediation technologies. Here, we reviewed the potential sources, distribution, and contamination status of phthalic acid esters in soil. We then described the ecological effect and human risk of phthalic acid esters and finally provided technologies to remediate phthalic acid esters. We found that (1) the application of plastic agricultural films, municipal biosolids, agricultural chemicals, and wastewater irrigation have been identified as the main sources for phthalic acid ester contamination in agricultural soil; (2) the distribution of phthalic acid esters in soils is determined by factors such as anthropogenic behaviors, soil type, properties of phthalic acid esters, seasonal variation, etc.; (3) the concentrations of phthalic acid esters in soil in most regions of China are exceeding the recommended values of soil cleanup guidelines used by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), causing phthalic acid ester in soils to contaminate vegetables; (4) phthalic acid esters are toxic to soil microbes and enzymes; and (5) phthalic acid ester-contaminated soil can be remedied by degradation, phytoremediation, and adsorption.

show abstract

Section: Effect and Accumulation Of Phthalic Acid Esters In Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Transverse Distribution Of Phthalic Acid Esters In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination and remediation of phthalic acid esters in agricultural soils in China: a review

He¹,

Gielen²,

Bolan³

et al. 2014

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

238

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…DnBP, DEHP and DnOP are supposed to be the three most frequently detected phthalic acid ester (PAE) compounds in most of the electrical wastes (Zhang et al 2010a, b), which makes it explainable for the discovery of PAE compounds in agricultural soils in Taizhou with elevating levels in recent years. Ever since 2009, reported total concentrations of five dominant PAE compounds in Taizhou ranged from 12.6 to 46.7 mg/kg soil DW, far higher than the soil allowable concentration in the United States, about 7 mg/kg soil DW, and contamination by PAE compounds has recently become a problem that could not be neglected in the Taizhou area (Liu et al 2009;Liu et al 2010a;Zhang et al 2010a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As globally used plasticizers, PAEs have aroused considerable public concern for several decades due to a number of associated environmental problems (Matsumoto et al 2008;Cai et al 2008b;Liu et al 2010b;Nanni et al 2011). Extensive use in industrial activity and daily life has resulted in their ubiquitous pollution to air, soils and waters, especially in China (Zeng et al 2009a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phthalate esters contamination in soil and plants on agricultural land near an electronic waste recycling site

Ting

Christie

Luo

et al. 2012

Environ Geochem Health

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The accumulation of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in soil and plants in agricultural land near an electronic waste recycling site in east China has become a great threat to the neighboring environmental quality and human health. Soil and plant samples collected from land under different utilization, including fallow plots, vegetable plots, plots with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as green manure, fallow plots under long-term flooding and fallow plots under alternating wet and dry periods, together with plant samples from relative plots were analyzed for six PAE compounds nominated as prior pollutants by USEPA. In the determined samples, the concentrations of six target PAE pollutants ranged from 0.31-2.39 mg/kg in soil to 1.81-5.77 mg/kg in various plants (dry weight/ DW), and their bioconcentration factors (BCFs) ranged from 5.8 to 17.9. Health risk assessments were conducted on target PAEs, known as typical environmental estrogen analogs, based on their accumulation in the edible parts of vegetables. Preliminary risk assessment to human health from soil and daily vegetable intake indicated that DEHP may present a high-exposure risk on all ages of the population in the area by soil ingestion or vegetable consumption. The potential damage that the target PAE compounds may pose to human health should be taken into account in further comprehensive risk assessments in e-waste recycling sites areas. Moreover, alfalfa removed substantial amounts of PAEs from the soil, and its use can be considered a good strategy for in situ remediation of PAEs.

show abstract

“…There have been ubiquitous contaminations in every environmental matrix because of their weak binding forces with other components of environmental compartments (Blair et al 2009). Di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), two representative PAEs in soils and sediments of China (Tan 1995;Wang et al 2006;Liu et al 2009b), are causing increasing concern because of their harmful effects on urease, phosphatase, catalase, microorganisms, animals, and the microbial community in contaminated soils (Chen et al 2004;Gao and Chen 2008;Xie et al 2009;Gao 2010 Yin et al 2002); significant accumulation and differences in expression of six protein spots in the leaf tissue of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) have also been observed (Liao et al 2009).…”

Section: Background Aims and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Rape (Brassica chinensis L.) seed germination, seedling growth, and physiology in soil polluted with di-n-butyl phthalate and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

Christie

Teng

et al. 2013

Environ Sci Pollut Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) pollution in agricultural soils caused by widely employed plastic products is becoming more and more widespread in China. PAEs polluted soil can lead to phytotoxicity in higher plants and potential health risks to human being. We evaluated the individual toxicity of di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), two representative PAEs, to sown rape (Brassica chinensis L.) seeds within 72 h (as germination stage) and seedlings after germination for 14 days by monitoring responses and trends of different biological parameters. No significant effects of six concentrations of PAE ranging from 0 (not treated/NT) to 500 mg kg −1 on germination rate in soil were observed. However, root length, shoot length, and biomass (fresh weight) were inhibited by both pollutants (except root length and biomass under DEHP). Stimulatory effects of both target pollutants on malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SODase) activity, ascorbate peroxidase (APXase) content, and polyphenoloxidase (PPOase) activity in shoots and roots (SODase activity in shoots excluded) were in the same trend with the promotion of proline (Pro) but differed with acetylcholinesterase activity (except in shoots under DnBP) for analyzed samples treated for 72 h and 14 days.Responses of representative storage compounds free amino acids (FAA) and total soluble sugar (TSS) under both PAEs were raised. Sensitivity of APXase and Pro in roots demonstrates their possibility in estimation of PAE phytotoxicity and the higher toxicity of DnBP, which has also been approved by the morphological photos of seedlings at day 14. Higher sensitivity of the roots was also observed. The recommended soil allowable concentration is 5 mg DnBPkgsoil for the development of rape. We still need to know the phytotoxicity of DEHP at whole seedling stage for both the growing and development; on the other hand, soil criteria for PAE compounds are urgently required in China.

show abstract

Distribution of Phthalate Esters in Soil of E-Waste Recycling Sites from Taizhou City in China

Cited by 52 publications

References 4 publications

Contamination and remediation of phthalic acid esters in agricultural soils in China: a review

Contamination and remediation of phthalic acid esters in agricultural soils in China: a review

Phthalate esters contamination in soil and plants on agricultural land near an electronic waste recycling site

Rape (Brassica chinensis L.) seed germination, seedling growth, and physiology in soil polluted with di-n-butyl phthalate and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About