Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyl residues in several tissues of fish from the North End Lake, Port Elizabeth, South Africa

Kampire, Edwige; Rubidge, Gletwyn; Adams, Janine B.

doi:10.4314/wsa.v41i4.16

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Among the 68 compounds quantified, 28 parent compounds and 5 metabolites were systematically found at detectable levels in the muscle, liver, and bile of chub (i.e., matrices with a calculated LOQ). Phenanthrene, DEHP, permethrin, p,p′‐DDE, PCB‐153, BDE‐47, and MiBP were the most frequently detected substances of each contaminant family in the present study and previous ones (Xu et al ; Valton et al ; Couderc et al ; Kampire et al ). Because of the high hydrophobicity ( K OW ) and low solubility of many organic contaminants, lipid contents are usually considered to explain chemical distributions in fish matrices (Kampire et al ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

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Multiresidue Methods for the Determination of Organic Micropollutants and Their Metabolites in Fish Matrices

Molbert

Alliot

Santos³

et al. 2019

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Two analytical methods were developed for the determination of 48 organic compounds and 20 of their main by‐products in fish matrices. The targeted compounds belong to various chemical classes of metabolizable (phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, insecticides [pyrethroids and N,N‐diethyl‐meta‐toluamide]) and legacy (organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers) pollutants. Analyses were performed by gas and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and dynamic MRM, respectively. Method performances were satisfactory, with results meeting the validation criteria because they achieved good linearity responses, recovery, precision, and accuracy for most of the 68 investigated compounds. The methods were then applied on 3 feral chub (Squalius cephalus) collected from the Marne hydrographic network (France). Twenty‐six parent compounds and 5 metabolites were systematically detected in fish matrices, with substantial concentration variability within and among individuals. Phthalates and pyrethroids accounted for most of the pollutant load. Metabolite concentrations in liver samples exceeded those of parent molecules in fish muscle. The present study presents 2 reliable methods for the determination of a wide range of contaminants and underlines the importance of metabolite analysis for a more comprehensive understanding of pollutant bioaccumulation and fate in aquatic organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1866–1878. © 2019 SETAC.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Overall, the distribution patterns of legacy POPs throughout the fish body ( Figure 3A) were in good agreement with previous work (Teil et al 2012;Kampire et al 2015).…”

Section: Organic Pollutants In Fish Matricessupporting

confidence: 91%

Multiresidue Methods for the Determination of Organic Micropollutants and Their Metabolites in Fish Matrices

Molbert

Alliot

Santos³

et al. 2019

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Again, individual congeners were not distributed homogeneously within liver and adipose tissue, leading to differences in their relative composition [34]. These findings were confirmed by Kampire et al [35] based on analysis of 236 organ samples of fish from the North End Lake in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, for lipid-based levels of 6 NDL-PCB congeners (PCB 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180) and levels were the highest in liver, followed by gonads > gills > muscle. PCBs 153 and 138 showed higher concentrations than other congeners in all samples.…”

Section: Tissue Distribution Of Lipophilic Popssupporting

confidence: 66%

Rapid extraction of total lipids and lipophilic POPs from all EU-regulated foods of animal origin: Smedes’ method revisited and enhanced

Haedrich¹,

Stumpf²,

Denison

2020

Environ Sci Eur

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Background Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as dioxins, dioxin-like chemicals and non-dioxin-like PCBs causing adverse effects to human health bio-accumulate through the food web due to their affinity for adipose tissues. Foods of animal origin are therefore the main contributors to human dietary exposure. The European Union’s (EU) food safety policy requires checking of a wide range of samples for compliance with legal limits on a regular basis. Several methods of varying efficiency are applied by official control laboratories for extraction of the different classes of lipids and associated POPs, bound to animal tissue and animal products in varying degrees, sometimes leading to discrepancies especially in fresh weight based analytical results. Results Starting from Smedes’ lipid extraction from marine tissue, we optimized the extraction efficiency for both lipids and lipophilic pollutants, abandoning the time-consuming centrifugation step. The resulting modified Smedes extraction (MSE) method was validated based on multiple analyses of a large number of real-world samples, matrix calibration and performance assessment in proficiency testing utilizing both instrumental and bioanalytical methodologies. Intermediate precision in 12 different foods was below 3% in chicken eggs, egg powder, animal fat, fish, fish oil, poultry, whole milk, milk fat and milk powder, and below 5% in bovine meat, liver, and infant food. In comparison to Twisselmann hot extraction, results presented here show an increased efficiency of MSE by + 25% for bovine liver, + 14% for chicken eggs, + 13% for poultry meat, + 12% for fish, 8% for bovine meat, and 6% for infant food. Conclusions For the first time, a fast and reliable routine method is available that enables the analyst to reproducibly extract "total" lipids from any EU-regulated food sample of animal origin within 6 to 8 min. Increased efficiency translates into a considerable increase in both lipid and wet weight-based analytical results measured for associated POPs, reducing the risk of false non-compliant results. Compared to a 4 h Twisselmann extraction, the extraction of 1000 samples using MSE would result in annual savings of about 250 h or 32 working days. Our MSE procedure contributes to the European Commission's objective of harmonizing analytical results across the EU generated according to Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/644.

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“…The concentrated extract was thereafter used for clean-up and for gravimetric lipid determination. Clean-up of extracts was done in line with the method by [33] while a Perkin® model 5890 gas chromatograph equipped with Ni 63 electron capture detector was used for quantification of PCBs. The quality control was performed by regular analyses of procedural blanks and blind duplicate samples along with random injection of standards and solvent blanks.…”

Section: B Laboratory Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Imported Fish

Wangboje

Okotie

2021

EJFOOD

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) which have been described as organohalogenic and legacy contaminants that are hazardous to both wildlife and man. The paucity of ecotoxicological data on the PCB content in commercially important fish in Benin Metropolis, Nigeria, warranted this research. In this stead, the PCB profile in the Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus, Family: Clupeidae, mean length=31.59 cm; Mean weight=274.98 g) marketed in Benin Metropolis, was determined via Gas Chromatographic technique in order to evaluate its suitability for human consumption and to provide baseline data for this contaminant in commercially important fish species. The summary statistics for the mean concentrations of detectable PCBs in C. harengus ranged from 0.019 mg/kg (PCB 118, 156) to 0.434 mg/kg (PCB 126), with a total of 0.581 mg/kg (w/w) while the mean concentrations of PCBs in C. harengus by market ranged from 0.012 mg/kg (PCB 118) at Santana market to 0.526 mg/kg (PCB 126) at New Benin market with no observed significant difference (p>0.05) in the mean concentrations of PCBs in fish between markets. The toxicity quotient (TQ) values for PCBs in C. harengus ranged from 0.0095 (PCB 118, 156) to 0.217(PCB 126) while the estimated daily intake (EDI) values in mg/person/day for PCBs ranged from 0.00076 (PCB 118, 156) to 0.017 (PCB 126). A toxic equivalency (TEQ) value of 0.04342 while the total PCB content in C. harengus according to market ranged from 0.469 mg/kg (Santana market) to 0.658 mg/kg (Uselu market). The total toxicity of mixtures (TTM) index was 0.291. The PCB levels in fish decreased below International threshold values suggesting suitability for human consumption. Continous monitoring of this fish species for toxic concentrations of PCBs was proferred.

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Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyl residues in several tissues of fish from the North End Lake, Port Elizabeth, South Africa

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Multiresidue Methods for the Determination of Organic Micropollutants and Their Metabolites in Fish Matrices

Multiresidue Methods for the Determination of Organic Micropollutants and Their Metabolites in Fish Matrices

Rapid extraction of total lipids and lipophilic POPs from all EU-regulated foods of animal origin: Smedes’ method revisited and enhanced

Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Imported Fish

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