Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in estuarine ecosystems. Testing the concept of equilibrium partitioning in the marine environment

Pavlou, S.P.; Dexter, R. N.

doi:10.1021/es60149a010

Cited by 64 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The observed trend is opposite to that which is expected on the basis of solubility considerations. As discussed for Station 84 results, a strong inverse dependence of partitioning of PCBs with sediments on the aqueous activity coefficient is expected from laboratory results (Karickhoff et al, 1979;Chiou et al, 1983;Gschwend and Wu, 1985) and has been observed in water column measurements reported here and in other environments (Bopp, 1979, Pavlou andDexter, 1979;Tanabe and Tatsukawa, 1983). In contrast, it should be noted that (Bopp, 1979;Bopp et al, 1981).…”

Section: Oa Bsupporting

confidence: 73%

The role of colloidal organic matter in the marine geochemistry of PCBs

Brownawell¹

1986

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WITHDRAWN AD -sT~i~Bñ~c i~tZ4-2-ABSTRACT Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were used as model hydrophobic organic compounds (HOC) to study physical-chemical processes which affect the speciation and fate of HOC in coastal environments. The focus of this study is on the sorption of PCBs with colloidal organic matter in seawater, and the influence of this process on the distribution of PCBs in coastal sediments. Laboratory and field experiments were used to make quantitative estimates of PCB-organic matter sorption, and to test predictions of three-phase equilibrium models.A static headspace partitioning method was developed to measure the sorption of several individual chlorobiphenyls with colloidal organic matter enriched from coastal seawater by hollow fiber ultrafiltration. This technique directly measured the dissolved phase fugacity of PCBs in experimental bottles, and avoided uncertain separation techniques often used in isolating various chemical phases. Colloidal organic carbon normalized partition coefficients (Koc) were determined from linear sorption isotherms, and increased from 1.9 x 10' (L/Kg) for 2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl to 3.5 x 10 s for 2,2',3,4,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl. Sorption tended to increase with increasing octanol-water partition coefficients (Kow) of the sorbate, and values of Koc were within a range of those reported in other experimental sorption studies with sediments and dissolved humic substances. Experimental partitioning results support the hypothesis that HOC-organic colloid sorption is similar to HOC sorption by sediment organic matter.PCBs were measured in the interstitial waters and sediments of three box cores obtained from New Bedford Harbor and Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. The three sites studied had a wide range of sediment PCB concentrations, and reducing conditions provided environments containing high concentrations of colloidal organic matter. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total sediment organic carbon (TOC) were measured in two cores to test the role of organic matter on the observed partitioning of PCBs. PCB concentrations, particularly those of less soluble chlorobiphenyls, were highly elevated in interstitial waters compared to water column concentrations at all three sites. The measured apparent distribution coefficients (K'd) of individual chlorobiphenyls did not increase with hydrophobicity (Kow) and indicate that a large fraction of PCBs in interstitial waters must be sorbed to organic colloids. A three-phase equilibrium sorption model, in which dissolved PCBs are in a dynamic equilibrium with colloidal and sediment organic matter, accounts for many aspects of the field data. There is good agreement of observed partitioning at New Bedford Station 67 and Buzzards Bay Station M with model calculations based on predictions derived from laboratory experiments of HOC sorption with sediments and organic colloids, but model calculations underpredict K'd at Station 84 in New Bedford Harbor.-3-The sediment-interstitial water results were contrasted with a study of PCB pa...

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Section: Oa Bsupporting

confidence: 73%

The role of colloidal organic matter in the marine geochemistry of PCBs

Brownawell¹

1986

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“…Avocets prefer to feed in shallow freshwater or brackish ponds, in the muddy parts of estuaries and in muddy bays. Abiotic factors like higher temperature and low salinity favour the solution of PCBs at those sites (Falkner & Simonis 1982, Pavlou& Dexter 1979. Moreover, these areas are characterized by an enormous impact of human activities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorines in Eggs and Food Organisms of Avocets ( Recurvirostra avosetta )

Dietrich

Büthe

Denker

et al. 1997

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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“…Les coefficients de partage (K p ) entre, les matières en suspension et l'eau de mer ont été évalués pour les PCB à 80 000 par DAWSON et RILEY (1977), et plus précisément en fonction du degré de chloration de 43 600 à 96 700 par PAVLOU et DEXTER (1979). Les PCB présentent donc une très forte capacité d'adsorption sur le matériel particulaire.…”

Section: Tableauunclassified

Les PCB dans l'environnement marin. Aspects géochimiques d'apports et de distribution. Cas du littoral français

Marchand¹

2005

rseau

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Les PCB représentent un groupe de substances chimiques chlorées particulièrement rémanent dans l'environnement. La production mondiale cumulée est évaluée à 1 200 000 tonnes et environ 30 % de cette production sont dispersés dans l'environnement, essentiellement dans le milieu océanique. La distribution de ces substances dans l'environnement aquatique est fonction des mécanismes d'échanges aux interfaces eau/atmosphère, eau/sédiment, aux processus de transformation abiotiques et biotiques, et aux processus de bioconcentration dans les organismes vivants. Les travaux réalisés depuis une vingtaine d'années permettent de décrire assez précisément le cycle biogéochimique des PCB dans le milieu océanique. La contamination du milieu marin côtier français est examinée plus particulièrement. La production totale des PCB en France est estimée à 123 000 tonnes et les apports polluants vers le milieu marin côtier, par les fleuves et l'atmosphère, sont évalués entre 2,5 et 3,0 tonnes par an. Les zones côtières les moins touchées par la contamination des PCB sont localisées en Manche sur le littoral nord de la Bretagne jusqu'en Normandie (Ouest Contentin) et en Méditerranée sur le littoral est de la Corse. La zone la plus contaminée est l'estuaire et la baie de Seine qui reçoivent les apports contaminants fluviaux de la Seine. De fortes contaminations sont également observées dans les zones industrielles et urbaines, et dans les secteurs qui reçoivent les effluents urbains non traités (ex : Marseille).Plusieurs études réalisées régulièrement suggèrent une décroissance générale des niveaux de contamination le long du littoral français depuis une décennie.PCB's are a group of chlorinated chemicals particularly persistent in the environment. The total global production of PCB compounds is evaluated at 1 200 000 tons and about 30 % are dispersed in the environment, mainly in the oceans. Distribution of these substances in the aquatic environment depends on exchange mechanisms at seawater/atmosphere and seawater/sediment interfaces, at abiotic and biotic transformation processes and at bioconcentration processes in the biota. Twenty years of research work allow us to describe with sufficient precision the biogeochemical cycle of PCB's in the marine environment. The PCB contamination of the French coastal marine environment is investigated more closely. Total PCB production in France is evaluated at 123 000 tons and pollutant inputs to the coastal marine environment, via rivers and atmosphere, are estimated between 2.5 and 3.0 tons/years. The Least polluted zones are in the English Channel along the north coast of Brittany till Normandy (West Cotentin) and in the Mediterranean along the east coast of Corsica. The most highly polluted area is constituted by the estuary and the bay of the Seine which receive river pollutant inputs. High PCB contaminations are also observed in industrial and urban zones, and in areas which receive untreated urban sewage (ex. Marseille). Several short-term surveys let us suppose there has been a genera...

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Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in estuarine ecosystems. Testing the concept of equilibrium partitioning in the marine environment

Cited by 64 publications

References 9 publications

The role of colloidal organic matter in the marine geochemistry of PCBs

The role of colloidal organic matter in the marine geochemistry of PCBs

Organochlorines in Eggs and Food Organisms of Avocets ( Recurvirostra avosetta )

Les PCB dans l'environnement marin. Aspects géochimiques d'apports et de distribution. Cas du littoral français

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