Distribution of postganglionic neurons which contain dopamine β-hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the human middle cervical ganglion

Kokubun, Souichi; Sato, Tadasu; Yajima, Takahiro; Ichikawa, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1016/j.tice.2019.04.006

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The co-localization of VIP and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been reported in the SCG of donors of various ages (Schmitt et al 1988;Baffi et al 1992). VIP and CGRP are also co-localized in the human STG, which shows a similar percentage of VIP IR cells (14%) (Schmitt et al 1988;Kokubun et al 2019). Developmental analysis has been performed for VIP in the human STG, which demonstrated a strong decrease in the proportion of VIP-positive cells from the neonatal to the adult stages (Roudenok 2000).…”

Section: Cranial Parasympathetic Neuron Summarymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…These studies confirmed that in humans, the vast majority of SCG neurons are noradrenergic. Later studies examining TH IR cell numbers yielded proportions below 90% (Tajti et al 1999;Kokubun et al 2019). In a detailed IHC analysis of TH and DBH expression in the superior (SCG), middle cervical (MCG), and stellate ganglia (STG), DBH was observed in more than 90% of neurons (Kokubun et al 2019).…”

Section: Cranial Parasympathetic Neuron Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cranial Parasympathetic Neuron Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantitative data analyzing VIP in the human SCG have provided varying results (Tajti et al 1999;Kokubun et al 2019). Using sensitive 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) IHC, 16 and 19% of neurons were found to be VIP-positive in the SCG and MCG of adult donors, respectively (Kokubun et al 2019). The co-localization of VIP and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been reported in the SCG of donors of various ages (Schmitt et al 1988;Baffi et al 1992).…”

Section: Cranial Parasympathetic Neuron Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NPY has been detected in a large number of human SCG neurons, most of which are TH-positive (Baffi et al 1992;Kirch et al 1995). Quantification revealed that 75% of neurons in the SCG were TH-and NPY-positive (Tajti et al 1999), 59% and 71% NPY-positive cells in SCG and MCG, respectively and 87% in STG (Kokubun et al 2019). One half of the TH-and DBH-positive cells in T2 and T3 sympathetic neurons have been described as NPY-positive (Schalling et al 1989).…”

Section: Cranial Parasympathetic Neuron Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The diversity of neuronal phenotypes in rodent and human autonomic ganglia

2020

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Selective sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways that act on target organs represent the terminal actors in the neurobiology of homeostasis and often become compromised during a range of neurodegenerative and traumatic disorders. Here, we delineate several neurotransmitter and neuromodulator phenotypes found in diverse parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia in humans and rodent species. The comparative approach reveals evolutionarily conserved and non-conserved phenotypic marker constellations. A developmental analysis examining the acquisition of selected neurotransmitter properties has provided a detailed, but still incomplete, understanding of the origins of a set of noradrenergic and cholinergic sympathetic neuron populations, found in the cervical and trunk region. A corresponding analysis examining cholinergic and nitrergic parasympathetic neurons in the head, and a range of pelvic neuron populations, with noradrenergic, cholinergic, nitrergic, and mixed transmitter phenotypes, remains open. Of particular interest are the molecular mechanisms and nuclear processes that are responsible for the correlated expression of the various genes required to achieve the noradrenergic phenotype, the segregation of cholinergic locus gene expression, and the regulation of genes that are necessary to generate a nitrergic phenotype. Unraveling the neuron population-specific expression of adhesion molecules, which are involved in axonal outgrowth, pathway selection, and synaptic organization, will advance the study of target-selective autonomic pathway generation.

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Section: Cranial Parasympathetic Neuron Summarymentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Cranial Parasympathetic Neuron Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cranial Parasympathetic Neuron Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cranial Parasympathetic Neuron Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cranial Parasympathetic Neuron Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The diversity of neuronal phenotypes in rodent and human autonomic ganglia

2020

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Distribution of neuronal cells which contain dopamine β‐hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the human internal carotid nerve

Sato

Yajima

Kokubun

et al. 2021

The Anatomical Record

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The human internal carotid nerve (ICN) occasionally has a swelling beneath the external opening of the carotid canal. In this study, the presence and distribution of neuronal cells were investigated in the bilateral ICNs of nine human cadavers. Among 44.4% of the cadavers, swellings were detected in the ICN. Their diameters ranged from 1.7 to 3.6 mm (average ± SD = 2.6 ± 0.7 mm). Thirty‐eight percent of these swellings were large (diameter > 3 mm) and showed an oval shape. The large swelling contained many neuronal cells. However, the ICNs with or without a swelling <3 mm diameter were mostly free from neuronal cells (93.3%). Only in one human cadaver, the right ICN without a swelling had a small number of neuronal cells. By the present immunohistochemical method, ICN neurons contained catecholamine‐synthesizing enzymes and neuropeptides. Dopamine‐beta hydroxylase‐ and tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactivity were mostly expressed by ICN neurons. More than half of them also contained neuropeptide Y‐immunoreactivity. However, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide‐immunoreactive ICN neurons were relatively infrequent. Substance P‐ and calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐immunoreactive ICN neurons could not be detected. By the cell size analysis, neuropeptide Y‐immunoreactive neurons were significantly smaller than neuropeptide Y‐immunonegative neurons in the ICN. The present study suggests that ICN neurons have a sympathetic function in the human.

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Distribution of alpha‐synuclein in rat salivary glands

Nishitani,

Mitoh,

Yajima

et al. 2024

The Anatomical Record

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Expression of alpha‐synuclein (Syn), a presynaptic neuronal protein, was immunohistochemically examined in intact rat submandibular, sublingual, and lingual glands. The submandibular gland contained abundant periductal Syn‐immunoreactive (−ir) nerve fibers. Abundant Syn‐ir varicosities were present in acini of the sublingual and serous lingual glands. By confocal laser scanning microscopy, Syn‐ir nerve fibers around smooth muscle actin (SMA)‐ir cells alone were infrequent; however, those around aquaporin‐5 (AQP5)‐ir cells alone and both SMA‐ and AQP5‐ir cells were abundant in the sublingual and serous lingual glands. SMA‐ir cells were occasionally immunoreactive for toll‐like receptor 4, a Syn receptor. Syn‐ir nerve fibers contained tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the submandibular gland and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in all examined salivary glands. In the superior cervical (SCG), submandibular, and intralingual ganglia, sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons co‐expressed Syn with TH and ChAT, respectively. SCG neurons innervating the submandibular gland contained mostly Syn. In the thoracic spinal cord, 14.7% of ChAT‐ir preganglionic sympathetic neurons co‐expressed Syn. In the superior salivatory nucleus, preganglionic parasympathetic neurons projecting to the lingual nerve co‐expressed Syn and ChAT. The present findings indicate that released Syn acts on myoepithelial cells. Syn in pre‐ and post‐ganglionic neurons may regulate neurotransmitter release and salivary volume and composition.

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Distribution of postganglionic neurons which contain dopamine β-hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the human middle cervical ganglion

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

The diversity of neuronal phenotypes in rodent and human autonomic ganglia

The diversity of neuronal phenotypes in rodent and human autonomic ganglia

Distribution of neuronal cells which contain dopamine β‐hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the human internal carotid nerve

Distribution of alpha‐synuclein in rat salivary glands

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